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1、摘要隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,汽車的消費(fèi)量快速上升。統(tǒng)計(jì)資料顯示,2009年我國民用汽車保有量達(dá)6280.61萬輛。車輛的大規(guī)模更新伴隨而來的是大量老舊車輛的淘汰,而報(bào)廢汽車資源的回收作為報(bào)廢汽車逆向物流的第一環(huán)節(jié),對于節(jié)約資源、保護(hù)環(huán)境、促進(jìn)資源再生、發(fā)展再制造至關(guān)重要。然而由于我國汽車報(bào)廢的法律監(jiān)管體系還不完善,報(bào)廢汽車的潛在利用價(jià)值還未完全釋放,大量的報(bào)廢汽車流往了非法渠道。如何使報(bào)廢汽車回收回到正常軌道,快速提高正規(guī)渠道年報(bào)廢比例和正規(guī)渠道年報(bào)廢量,成為了報(bào)廢汽車逆向物流研究急需解決的焦點(diǎn)問題。首先,本文以文獻(xiàn)研究為基礎(chǔ),運(yùn)用ISM解釋結(jié)構(gòu)模型分析造成我國報(bào)廢
2、汽車正規(guī)渠道回收比例和正規(guī)渠道年報(bào)廢量偏低的主要原因所在。其次,找到主要影響因素后,運(yùn)用系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)建模方法,模擬仿真報(bào)廢汽車回收系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行機(jī)制。最后,本文提出了以報(bào)廢汽車逆向物流發(fā)展基金為主體的回收策略體系——“養(yǎng)老金"體系,包括提高返還金額、提高基金報(bào)廢補(bǔ)貼、提高國家報(bào)廢補(bǔ)貼車輛范圍、加大報(bào)廢汽車零部件再生技術(shù)與再制造技術(shù)研發(fā)應(yīng)用投入等策略。在釋放報(bào)廢汽車本身價(jià)值和實(shí)現(xiàn)報(bào)廢汽車價(jià)值增值的基礎(chǔ)上,建立一套報(bào)廢汽車的“養(yǎng)老金’’體系,以逐步提高我國報(bào)廢汽車的回收率和回收量。本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)在于運(yùn)用系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)建模方法模擬仿真我國報(bào)廢汽車回收系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行機(jī)制,探討提高報(bào)廢汽車正規(guī)
3、渠道回收比例和正規(guī)渠道年報(bào)廢量的可行性策略。關(guān)鍵詞:報(bào)廢汽車;逆向物流;ISM;系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué);回收策略AbstractFollowingtherapideconomicdevelopment,automobileconsumingisincreasingrapidly.Statisticsshowedthattheholdingnumberofcivilianautomobileriseupto62,806,100inChinain2009.Accompaniedbylarge-scaleupdate,numbersofoldvehiclesneedstodieout
4、.Asthefirstpartofreverselogistics,resourcerecoveryisimportantforsavingresources,protectingenvironment,promotingresourcerecyclingandimprovingremanufacturingtechnology.However,becauseofthelegalregulatorysystembeingnotperfectandthepotentialvalueofscrapautomobilehavingnotbeenfullyreleased,
5、manyjunkautomobileflowedintotheillegalchannels.Howtorecyclejunkautomobilebackonformalchannelsandimprovetherecyclingratioandvolume,whichhasbecomethefocusissueforreverselogisticsofjunkautomobileresearch.First,thispaperusedISMtoanalyzethemainreasonscausedrecycleratioandnumberofjunkautomob
6、ileinformalchannelslow,whichwasbasedonliterature.Second,afterfindingthemainfactors,thepaperusedsystemdynamicsmodeltosimulateoperationPrincipleofjunkautomobilerecyclingsystem.Atlast,itproposedtherecoverystrategysystemwhichwassubjectedondevelopmentfundofjunkautomobilesreverselogistics_一¨
7、pension"system.Thestrategiesincludedraisingthereturnfund,enhancingsubsidiesinthedevelopmentfund,expandingthescopeofStatesubsidies,andincreasinginputtoR&Daboutrecyclingtechnologyandre-applicationofmanufacturingtechnology,andSOon.Basedonreleasingownvalueandaddingvalueofjunkautomobile,t