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1、摘要契丹族是中國歷史上一個古老而強悍的民族,其影響力和做出的貢獻,在中國歷史上屈指可數(shù)。其建立的遼國,在二百多年的統(tǒng)治時間內(nèi),使我國廣大的北方地區(qū)各民族得到統(tǒng)一;并打破長城阻隔,使?jié)h人北遷、北方民族南遷,使北方游牧經(jīng)濟和長城以南的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟結(jié)合為一體,逐漸形成農(nóng)牧結(jié)合的經(jīng)濟。其手工業(yè)經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,尤其是制瓷業(yè)的產(chǎn)生和繁榮,生產(chǎn)出遼代風格的瓷器和具有濃郁的契丹族傳統(tǒng)文化的遼瓷器類,對中國陶瓷史做出了巨大貢獻。本文分為四大部分進行論述,第一部分為契丹,遼國,遼瓷。對契丹民族,遼國以及遼代制瓷業(yè),從歷史角度進行綜合的梳理和論述;第二部分雞冠壺的造型分類及用途。對雞冠壺的分期、分類以及用途進行
2、分析、探討,提出了個人見解:分為三個類型、八種型式;第三部分雞冠壺的分期演變。提出雞冠壺的發(fā)展演變分為三個序列,即提梁序列、穿孔序列和提梁穿孔式序列,三個序列各自有其發(fā)展演變的過程,并提出演變過程中的重要問題;第四部分為雞冠壺的造型裝飾特點及美學(xué)風格。在造型藝術(shù)方面,遼代早、中、晚期,對于雞冠壺的造型各有不同,但都具有草原馬背民族皮囊容器的身影。在裝飾藝術(shù)方面,分為色釉裝飾和胎質(zhì)裝飾兩方面,體現(xiàn)多種藝術(shù)形式。在美學(xué)風格上,體現(xiàn)出器物造型和紋飾構(gòu)圖均衡對稱,造型粗獷豪放,挺拔剛健,稚拙樸素,紋飾酣暢淋漓,自由奔放,體現(xiàn)出濃郁的契丹民族傳統(tǒng)的審美情趣和藝術(shù)風格。關(guān)鍵詞:契丹族,遼瓷,雞
3、冠壺ABSTRACTTheQidanNationalityisakindofancientandaggressivepeople.TheyareoneofthedistinguishednationalitiesinChinesehistoryandhadaprofoundinfluenceandmadeagreatcontribution.TheyfoundedLiaoDynastyandruledChinaover200years.TheyunitedthevariousnationalitiesinthenorthernpartofChina,removedthebarrie
4、roftheGreatWalltoimmigratetheHanpeopletotheNorthandemigratethenorthernpeopletotheSouthforthefirsttime.ItintegratedthenomadiceconomyintheNorthandtheagriculturaleconomy,andgraduallyformedamixedagriculturalandnomadiceconomyThedevelopmentoftheirhandicraftindustry,esp.thebirthandprosperityoftheirgr
5、oceryindustrymadeagreatcontributiontothehistoryofChinesegrocery.TheyproducedgrocerieswithfeaturesofLiaoDynastyandstrongtraditionalcultureofQidanNationality.Therearefourpartsinthispaper.ThetkstisaboutQidan,theLiaoDynastyanditsgrocery.IpresenttheQidanNationality,theLiaoDynasty,anditsgrocerycompr
6、ehensivelyintheperspectiveofhistory.Thesecondisaboutthemodelinganduseofcockscombpot.Inthispart,Ianalyzeanddiscusstheperiod,classificationanduseofthecockscombpot,andpresentmyviewaboutit.IthinkthepotCanbeclassifiedintothreeSOrtS,eightpatterns.Thet11irdpartisabouttheevolutionofcockscombpot.Iprese
7、ntthattheevolutionofthecockscombpotCanbegroupedintothreeseries,thefirstishandle,thesecondisperforation,thethirdishandle&perforation.AllofthemhaveandOWllprocessofevolution.Ipresentsomeimportantissuesintheprocess.Thefourthpartisaboutthear