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1、CentralParkJ.A.CCentralParkisthelargestandmostimportantpublicparkinManhattan,NewYorkCity.Itoccupiesanareaof840acres(340hectares)andextendsbetween59thand110thstreets(about2.5miles[4km])andbetweenFifthandEighthavenues(about0.5miles[0.8km]).ItwasoneofthefirstA
2、mericanparkstobedevelopedusinglandscapearchitecturetechniques.Inthe1840stheincreasingurbanizationofManhattanpromptedthepoet-editorWilliamCullenBryantandthelandscapearchitectAndrewJacksonDowningtocallforanew,largeparktobebuiltontheisland.Theirviewsgainedwide
3、spreadsupport,andin1856mostofthepark'spresentlandwasboughtwithabout$5,000,000thathadbeenappropriatedbythestatelegislature.Theclearingofthesite,whichwasbegunin1857,entailedtheremovalofabone-boilingworks,manyscatteredhovelsandsqualidfarms,free-roaminglivestoc
4、k,andseveralopendrainsandsewers.AplanwasdevisedbythearchitectsFrederickLawOlmstedandCalvertVauxthatwouldpreserveandenhancethenaturalfeaturesoftheterraintoprovideapastoralparkforcitydwellers;theplanwaschosenfrom33submittedincompetitionfora$2,000prize.Duringt
5、hepark'sensuingconstructionmillionsofcartloadsofdirtandtopsoilwereshiftedtobuildtheterrain,about5,000,000treesandshrubswereplanted,awater-supplysystemwaslaid,andmanybridges,arches,androadswereconstructed.ThecompletedCentralParkofficiallyopenedin1876,anditis
6、stilloneofthegreatestachievementsinartificiallandscaping.Thepark'sterrainandvegetationarehighlyvariedandrangefromflatgrassyswards,gentleslopes,andshadyglenstosteep,rockyravines.Theparkaffordsinterestingvistasandwalksatnearlyeverypoint.TheMetropolitanMuseumo
7、fArtisinthepark,facingFifthAvenue.Therearealsoazoo,anice-skatingrink,threesmalllakes,anopen-airtheatre,abandshell,manyathleticplayingfieldsandchildren'splaygrounds,severalfountains,andhundredsofsmallmonumentsandplaquesscatteredthroughthearea.Therearealsoapo
8、licestation,severalblockhousesdatingfromtheearly19thcentury,and“Cleopatra'sNeedle”(anancientEgyptianobelisk).Theparkhasnumerousfootpathsandbicyclepaths,andseveralroadwaystraverseit.IntheCentralParceszo
