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1、中南大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文摘要超細(xì)鎳粉具有優(yōu)異的電、磁、催化及機(jī)械性能,廣泛應(yīng)用于催化劑、電池材料、多層陶瓷電容器電極和粉末冶金等領(lǐng)域。本論文主要研究化學(xué)氣相沉積(CVD)法制備超細(xì)鎳粉的工藝條件。自行設(shè)計(jì)、安裝、調(diào)試了一整套用于連續(xù)化制備超細(xì)鎳粉的化學(xué)氣相沉積裝置,應(yīng)用單因素條件實(shí)驗(yàn)法系統(tǒng)地研究了載氣(N2)流量、H2濃度、反應(yīng)溫度、H2流量、反應(yīng)器結(jié)構(gòu)及前驅(qū)體(NiCl2)蒸發(fā)溫度各工藝參數(shù)的影響規(guī)律,采用X射線衍射、掃描電鏡、粒度分析對(duì)樣品的結(jié)構(gòu)、形貌、粒度進(jìn)行了表征,并優(yōu)化了制備粉末的工藝參數(shù),得到了最佳工藝條件。結(jié)果表明:將NiCl2"6I-120原料置于135℃低溫下
2、脫水4d,時(shí),研磨后再在250℃高溫下脫水2小時(shí)能完全脫除6個(gè)結(jié)晶水;載氣(N2)流量、H2濃度、反應(yīng)溫度、H2流量、反應(yīng)器結(jié)構(gòu)和前驅(qū)體蒸發(fā)溫度是粉末形貌和粒度的主要影響因素,而結(jié)晶性能只與載氣流量、反應(yīng)溫度和反應(yīng)器結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān);在NiCl2蒸發(fā)溫度為900℃,H2流量為9.6L/h,載氣流量為50L/h,H2濃度為20%,反應(yīng)溫度為1100℃,反應(yīng)器不加空間限域管的條件下制備的鎳粉,水洗5次,無水乙醇洗滌3次,并在乙醇分散劑中沉降2min,分級(jí)除去大顆粒后得到的粉末較為理想;最優(yōu)條件下所得鎳粉純度高,結(jié)晶性能好:粒度細(xì),平均粒徑為0.31pan,且粒徑分布窄;形貌基本為球形或
3、類球形;比表面積為1.98m2/g;氧含量為0.33%。化學(xué)氣相沉積法制備的鎳粉具有純度高,比表面積大,結(jié)晶度高,粒徑分布均勻、可控等優(yōu)點(diǎn),工業(yè)化應(yīng)用前景廣闊。關(guān)鍵詞超細(xì)鎳粉,化學(xué)氣相沉積,結(jié)晶形貌,粒度中南大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文ABSTRACTWithitsexcellentelectrical,magnetic,catalyticandmechanicalproperties,ultrafinenickelpowderiSwidelyusedinthesefieldssuchascatalyst,batterymaterial,electrodeofmulti-layerce
4、ramiccapacitor,powdermetallurgyandSOon.Inthisstudy,theexperimentalconditionsofsynthesisultrafinenickelpowderbychemicalvapordepositionwereinvestigated.Wenotonlydesignedbutalsoimprovedthepreparationapparatus,bywhichtheultralfinenickelpowdercouldbepreparedsuccessively.Theeffectsofcarriergas(N
5、2)flow,H2concentration,reactiontemperature,H2flowrate,reactorstructureandprecursor(NiCl2)evaporationtemperatureontheproductswereanalyzedsystematicallythroughtheexperimentofsinglefactorcondition.11heparticlesize,structureandmorphologyoftheproductswerecharacterizedbyx-raydiffraction(XRD),sca
6、nningelectronmicroscope(SEM),particlesizeanalysis.Weobtainedtheoptimumexperimentalconditionsthroughtheoptimizationofprocessparameters.Theresultsindicatedthatafterthefirst-stagedehydratingforfourhoursunder135℃,NiCl2·6H20wasgrinded,followedbythesecond—stagedehydratingfortwohoursunder250℃,and
7、thensixcrystalwatercouldberemovedcompletely.Themaininfluencingfactorsofpowdermorphologyandparticlesizearecarriergasflow,H2concentration,reactiontemperature,t-12flowrate,reactorstructureandprecursorevaporationtemperature,whilethecrystallinitymainlyrelatedtocarr