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1、碳關(guān)稅對中國對外貿(mào)易的影響及中國的對策InfluenceOfCarbonTariffsOnDevelopingCountries內(nèi)容摘要：碳關(guān)稅是歐美等發(fā)達國家設(shè)計的由該國海關(guān)對某些特定國家或地區(qū)的高耗能進口產(chǎn)品征收的二氧化碳排放關(guān)稅。以美法為首的發(fā)達國家提出的征收碳關(guān)稅政策作為一種新的貿(mào)易保護形式，給以出口為主導(dǎo)的發(fā)展中國家?guī)砹藰O大的影響。歐美開征碳關(guān)稅，極大地沖擊了我國企業(yè)對歐美市場的出口，使我國對外貿(mào)易和國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展面臨困境。中國高能耗、高排放、低能效的生產(chǎn)模式還將持續(xù)相當(dāng)長的時間，其產(chǎn)品出口勢必越
2、來越頻繁遭遇綠色壁壘，并由此引發(fā)更多的貿(mào)易摩擦。中國作為一個處于工業(yè)化和城市化階段的發(fā)展中大國，經(jīng)濟和貿(mào)易增長與資源、環(huán)境約束的矛盾日益突出，隨著世界低碳經(jīng)濟趨勢深入發(fā)展，傳統(tǒng)的高碳經(jīng)濟和貿(mào)易發(fā)展模式面臨嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)。中國應(yīng)從戰(zhàn)略的高度重視低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，積極借鑒發(fā)達國家低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展經(jīng)驗，逐步建立發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟的政策框架。本文從對碳關(guān)稅起源和本質(zhì)的分析出發(fā)，探討碳關(guān)稅對中國出口貿(mào)易的影響，提出了應(yīng)對碳關(guān)稅征收的對策建議，中國應(yīng)尋求更加積極主動的國家立場和戰(zhàn)略：積極參與國際氣候談判；積極參與制定國際碳排放量參照標(biāo)準；
3、積極調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)；努力發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟。關(guān)鍵詞：碳關(guān)稅；貿(mào)易保護；服務(wù)貿(mào)易；節(jié)能減排Abstract:CarbontariffsareEuropeandtheUnitedStatesandotherdevelopedcountriesbythecustomsofthedesignforsomespecificcountriesorareasoftheimportedproductstothecollectionofgas-guzzlingtariffsoncarbondioxideemissions.Indev
4、elopedcountries,ledbyAmericaandFranceproposedacarbontaxasanewformoftradeprotection,toexportastheleadingdevelopingcountrieshasbroughttheenormousinfluence.EuropeandtheUnitedStateslevyofcarbontariffs,greatimpacttoourcountryenterprisetotheexportoftheEuropeanan
5、dAmericanmarket,China'sforeigntradeanddomesticeconomicdevelopmentintrouble.China'shighenergyconsumptionandhighemissions,lowefficiencyofproductionmodewillcontinueforalongtime,anditsexportswillencountermoreandmorefrequentgreenbarriers,thusleadingtomoretradef
6、riction.Chinaasastageofindustrializationandurbanizationinthedevelopingcountry,economicandtradegrowthandresourceandenvironmentalconstraintsthecontradictionbetweentheoutstanding,alongwiththeworldalowcarboneconomyfurtherdevelopmenttrend,thetraditionalhighcarb
7、oneconomyandtradedevelopmentmodeisfacingseriouschallenges.Chinashouldpayhighattentiontothestrategyoflowcarboneconomydevelopment,activelyinthedevelopedcountriesforreferencealowcarboneconomydevelopmentexperience,graduallysetupalowcarboneconomydevelopmentpoli
8、cyframework.Thisarticlefromthecarbontariffsandnatureoftheanalysisoftheorigin,thispaperdiscussescarbontariffsonChina'sexporttradeinfluence,putforwardtocarbontariffscollectionofcountermeasures,Chinashouldseekmo
