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1、第23卷第10期化學(xué)進展Vol.23No.102011年10月PROGRESSINCHEMISTRYOct.2011*鋰離子電池3d過渡金屬氧化物負極微/納米材料12,32,3**陳欣張乃慶孫克寧(1.哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)化學(xué)系哈爾濱150001;2.哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)與交叉科學(xué)研究院理學(xué)中心哈爾濱150001;3.哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)城市水資源與水環(huán)境國家重點實驗室哈爾濱150090)摘要與傳統(tǒng)的碳材料相比,鋰離子電池3d過渡金屬氧化物(MxOy,M=Co、Fe、Cu、Ni)負極材料具有更高的容量、倍率及安全性能,更適于鋰離子電池在移動電子設(shè)備、電動汽車、備用儲能和智能電網(wǎng)等領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用,因此備受關(guān)注
2、。本文介紹了MxOy負極材料的充放電機理,并以零維、一維、二維、三維等納米結(jié)構(gòu)及空心、核殼等多種微/納米結(jié)構(gòu)為出發(fā)點,詳細討論了過渡金屬氧化物電極材料的電化學(xué)性能與結(jié)構(gòu)特征之間的關(guān)系,分析了具有不同結(jié)構(gòu)特征的負極材料的合成方法;展望了3d過渡金屬氧化物負極微/納米材料的研究趨勢和發(fā)展前景。關(guān)鍵詞鋰離子電池過渡金屬氧化物微/納米結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合物中圖分類號:O614.81;O614.1;TM911文獻標識碼:A文章編號:1005-281X(2011)10-2045-103dTransition-MetalOxidesasAnodeMicro/Nano-MaterialsforLithiumIonBa
3、tteries12,32,3**ChenXinZhangNaiqingSunKening(1.DepartmentofChemistry,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,Harbin150001,China;2.AcademyofFundamentalandInterdisciplinarySciences,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,Harbin150001,China;3.StateKeyLaboratoryofUrbanWaterResourceandEnvironment,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,H
4、arbin150090,China)AbstractComparedwiththetraditionalcarbonmaterialsforlithium-ionbatteries,3dtransition-metaloxides(MO,whereMisCo,F(xiàn)e,CuorNi)asanodematerialshavebeenattractingintensiveattentioninrecentyearsxyduetotheirhigherenergycapacity,higherrechargingratesandsafetytomeettheever-goingdemandforli
5、thium-ionbatterieswithenergydensity,powerdensity,cyclabilityandsafetytobemoresuitableforitsnewapplicationsinmanyfields,whichincludeportableelectronicconsumerdevices,electricvehicles,large-scaleelectricitystorageinsmartorintelligentgrids,etc.Inthisreview,firstlyageneralintroductionisgiventothecharg
6、e-dischargemechanismof3dMOanodematerials.Then,adiscussionindetailismadetotherelationshipbetweenthexyelectrochemicalpropertiesandavarietyofstructuralcharacteristicsof3dMOandcompositeanodematerials,inxylightofthestructuralcharacteristicsof0dimensional(0D),1D,2D,3Dnano-structures,hollow,core/shell,mi
7、cro/nano-structures,andsoon.Moreover,someanalysesarefocusedmainlyonvariousstrategiesusedtofabricatedifferent3dMOanodematerials.Finally,itishighlightedtothefuturetrendsandprospectsinthexydevelopmentof3dMOanodemicr