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1、華北水利水電學(xué)院碩士學(xué)位論文大空間建筑火災(zāi)中煙氣流動(dòng)規(guī)律的研究姓名:丁順利申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別:碩士專業(yè):結(jié)構(gòu)工程指導(dǎo)教師:李宗明20070501摘要大空間建筑火災(zāi)中煙氣流動(dòng)規(guī)律的研究在眾多的災(zāi)種中,火災(zāi)造成的直接損失約為地震的五倍,而火災(zāi)發(fā)生的頻度則居于各災(zāi)種之首?;馂?zāi)后建筑物的評(píng)定工作是以構(gòu)件殘余承載力為依據(jù)的,而殘余承載力的評(píng)估則與構(gòu)件的受火形式、受火面積、受火時(shí)間有著極其密切的關(guān)系。煙氣流動(dòng)規(guī)律直接影響著火災(zāi)蔓延過程。同時(shí),在火災(zāi)造成的損失中,人員的傷亡是人們最不能接受的。大量的火災(zāi)調(diào)查資料表明:在火災(zāi)中喪生的人,大部分是直接或間接死于煙氣的影響,如高溫?zé)煔?/p>
2、的炙烤、煙氣毒性對(duì)人身體機(jī)能的危害、煙氣的遮光性影響人們的視線等。因此,人們了對(duì)建筑火災(zāi)中煙氣流動(dòng)規(guī)律的研究顯得尤為重要。計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展推動(dòng)了火災(zāi)科學(xué)的進(jìn)步,計(jì)算機(jī)巨大的運(yùn)算能力使得針對(duì)大型或超大型火災(zāi)過程的模擬計(jì)算成為可能。這樣人們就可以利用質(zhì)量守恒、能量守恒和動(dòng)量守恒等自然科學(xué)原理,通過不斷改變初始和邊界條件,對(duì)火災(zāi)進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算或者過程模擬,而不用進(jìn)行大量的全尺寸火災(zāi)試驗(yàn)。本文在對(duì)火災(zāi)的發(fā)生過程和機(jī)理進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,將網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型應(yīng)用于大空間建筑的煙氣流動(dòng)的計(jì)算。針對(duì)大空間建筑運(yùn)用質(zhì)量守恒、能量守恒、阻力定律和熱傳模型建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)模擬的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并以
3、海南美華北水利水電學(xué)院碩士學(xué)位論文麗之冠為實(shí)例計(jì)算,探討了火災(zāi)煙氣在不同邊界條件下的流動(dòng)規(guī)律。本文的研究成果,為大空間建筑的火災(zāi)性能化設(shè)計(jì)提供了背景資料,同時(shí)對(duì)火災(zāi)中人群的疏散方案起到校核的作用,促進(jìn)火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估學(xué)的發(fā)展。關(guān)鍵詞:建筑火災(zāi)煙氣羽流頊棚射流網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型ⅡRESEARCHOFSMOKEMOVEMENTRBGUI。AⅡONINLARGESPf氣CEBUILDINGFIREInthenumerousdisasters,thedirectlossthatthefirecausesisaboutthefivefoldoftheearthquake,thefr
4、equentnesstaking#aceinakind0feverydisaster,fireoccupiesisthefirst.Theevaluationworkofthebuildingwhichburntbyfire,takestheresidualcartingcapacityasabasis.Residualcartingcapacityofstructurememberhascloserelationextremelywithfireform,theflamecoveredareaandthefiringtime.TheCOUrseoffire
5、spreadingisinflunenceddirectlybysmokemovementregulation.Atthesametime,inthelossesthatthefireCaUSe,human’Sinjuriesanddeathsarethemostunacceptablethingstopeople.Alargenumberoffiresurveymaterialsshow:Thepeopledyinginthefiremajorityisdirectlyorindirectlyinfluencedfromthefiresmoke.forex
6、ample:theroastOfhigh-temperaturesmoke,dangerofsmoke’Stoxicitytobodyphysiology,obscurationoffiresmokeinfluencepeople'ssight.Soitisparticularlyimportanttoresearchthesmokemovementregulationofbuildingfire.Progressthatthedevelopmentofthecomputertechnologyhaspromotedmthefiretobescientifi
7、c,computerenormousoperationabilitymaketobeinglarge·scaleorultralarge-scalefiresimulationofcoursecalculate,he.mepossible.Inthiswaypeople啪utilizenaturalscienceprinciplessuchasconservationofmass.conservationofenergyandmomentumconservation,etc.,throughchanginginitialandborderconditionc
8、onstantly’carryoncalculati