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1、Chapter8.ExcretionofkidneyDepartmentofphysiologyofSUMSWangTinghuai中山大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院生理學(xué)教研室王庭槐第八章腎臟的排泄TheLatestinformationfromWHOtheincidencerateofurinarysystem(%)0.10.3慢性腎功能不全(chronicrenal)0.20.2糖尿病腎?。╠iabeticnephropathy)<0.10.3結(jié)核(tubercle)0.10.4多囊腎(polycystickidney)0.40.4腫瘤(Tumor)2.01.3結(jié)石(Calculus02.98.6腎炎
2、(nephritis)2.09.6泌尿系感染(Infectiousdisease)7.819.7泌尿系統(tǒng)疾病(Diseaseofurinarysystem)DevelopedcountryDevelopingcountry評(píng)價(jià):(evaluation)發(fā)展中國(guó)家泌尿系統(tǒng)疾病發(fā)病率高,主要是高發(fā)的泌尿系感染、急性腎炎、間質(zhì)性腎炎、結(jié)核等,其主要原因包括:Theincidencerateofurinarysystemishighindevelopingcountry,especiallyinfectiousdiseases、acutenephritis,interstitialnephritis
3、,tubercle,etc.themaincausesareasfollows:1.感染性疾病未得到足夠控制,導(dǎo)致泌尿系感染、急性腎炎、間質(zhì)性腎炎和結(jié)核的發(fā)病率高。Infectiousdiseasesarenotbecontrolledenough,sotheincidencerateofinfectiousdiseases、acutenephritis、interstitialnephritis、tubercleishigh.2.嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染和生活毒素未得到控制,導(dǎo)致腎小球和腎間質(zhì)炎癥的發(fā)病率高,也與高發(fā)的腎腫瘤有關(guān)。Heavyenvironmentpollutionandtoxinar
4、enotbecontrolledenough.3.對(duì)遺傳性疾病缺乏生育控制,與多囊腎等先天性疾病的多發(fā)有關(guān)。Birthcontrolarenotcarriedouteffectivelyforpreventinggeneticdisease.Sotheincidencerateofcongenitaldiseasessuchaspolycystickidneyishigh.4.社會(huì)醫(yī)療服務(wù)經(jīng)費(fèi)的缺乏,使得較多患者的疾病發(fā)展到慢性腎功能衰竭。Thedeficiencyofsocialfundsformedicineserviceleadstomanydiseasesdevelopinginto
5、chronicrenalfailure.5.透析和移植治療的缺乏,使得慢性腎功能衰竭不能得到糾正,引起更多的感染和腫瘤發(fā)生。Chronicrenalfailureisn’tbecorrectedbecauseofthedeficiencyofdialyseandtransplantation,somoreinfectiousdiseasesandtumorsoccur.概述(Introduction)排泄(excretion)——機(jī)體將物質(zhì)代謝尾產(chǎn)物和機(jī)體不需或過(guò)剩的物質(zhì)排出體外的過(guò)程theprocessthatthecellularwasteproductsorextranutrien
6、ts、mineralsandwaterleavingthebody.排泄的四個(gè)途徑:(Fourexcretorypathways)由呼吸器官排出(Byrespiratoryorgan)由大腸排出(Byintestinaltract)由皮膚排出(Byskin)由腎臟排出(Bykidney)排泄的功能意義Thefunctionalsignificanceofexcretion:排除代謝尾產(chǎn)物、異物Eliminationofwasteproductsandforeignmaterial排除過(guò)剩的電解質(zhì)、H+維持酸堿平衡Eliminationofextraelectrolure、H+sotomain
7、tainacid-basedbalance.調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞外液量和血液的滲透壓Regulationofextracellularfluidandosmoticpressurinblood.保留體液中某些重要成份:如Na+、K+、HCO3-、Cl-ReservationofimportantmaterialsinbodyfluidsuchasNa+、K+、HCO3-andCl-泌尿功能和非泌尿功能Therenalf