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1、摘要沙fJ氏菌可以通過(guò)污水、肥料等多種方式污染水果，進(jìn)而對(duì)人體健康造成危害。本文針對(duì)其屬特異性基因／nvA所設(shè)計(jì)的引物進(jìn)行PCR檢測(cè)，通過(guò)對(duì)DNA提取方法、引物濃度、退火溫度及循環(huán)數(shù)等方面進(jìn)行優(yōu)化實(shí)驗(yàn)確定最佳反應(yīng)體系及反應(yīng)程序，未經(jīng)增菌檢測(cè)限可達(dá)到103cfu／ml。結(jié)果還表明，經(jīng)過(guò)10h增菌及調(diào)節(jié)pH7．0等樣品處理后，向桃中存在的背景微生物、死菌以及樣品基質(zhì)等均對(duì)PCR法檢測(cè)沙門氏菌沒(méi)有太大影響。霉菌及酵母菌常常引起水果的腐爛變質(zhì)，同時(shí)對(duì)人體健康造成危害。本文對(duì)3M紙片法和國(guó)標(biāo)法檢測(cè)霉菌和酵母菌進(jìn)行比較，結(jié)果表明，無(wú)論是真菌標(biāo)準(zhǔn)菌株
2、菌懸液或白桃樣品的兩種方法計(jì)數(shù)結(jié)果均無(wú)顯著差異，且線性相關(guān)關(guān)系顯著，即兩種方法在白桃中霉菌和酵母菌計(jì)數(shù)結(jié)果上有較好的一致性。同時(shí)建議使用3M紙片法或國(guó)標(biāo)法時(shí)，選擇菌落數(shù)在25．100之間的紙片或平皿進(jìn)行自桃中真菌計(jì)數(shù)，并且建議水果衛(wèi)生指標(biāo)對(duì)新鮮自桃限定霉菌和酵母菌計(jì)數(shù)小于104cfu／g。從白桃中分離鑒定出16株共6個(gè)屬的霉菌，均屬于半知菌類，其中有叢梗孢目的交鏈孢霉屬、葡萄狀穗霉屬、叢梗孢屬、青霉屬和穗霉屬，以及少數(shù)不產(chǎn)孢的無(wú)孢菌群的絲核菌屬。為進(jìn)一步研究病原菌的致病力、侵染途徑和侵染規(guī)律等奠定了基礎(chǔ)。關(guān)鍵詞：自桃，沙門氏菌，霉菌，酵
3、母菌AbstractContaminationfromsurfacerun-offwater,compostingfarmmanureandthelikecouldbesourcesofSalmonellaspp．thatcontaminatefruits．Apairofprimersdesignedaccordingto／nvAgenetoconductPCRdetectionshowedgoodselectivity．TheoptimumPCRconditionswereoptimizedthroughDNAextraction，p
4、rimerconcanIration，annealingtemperatureandnumberofcycles．Andthedetectionlimitwas103cfu／mlbeforeincubation．Afterincubationfor10handadjustingpH7．0ofpeachsample，backgroundmicroorganisms，deadcellsandfoodmatrixdidnothavebiginfluenceonPCRdetectionof＆lmonellaspp．inwhithpeach．Mo
5、ldsandyeastswerethemainreasonofspoilageoffreshfruitsandwereharmtohumanhealth．ThedetectionresultofmoldsandyeastsbothinfungicultureandpeachbyGBmethodand3MPetrifilmmethodwerecomparedinthispaper．Theresultshowedthat：therewasnosignificantdifference(P>0．05)betweenthetwomethodsa
6、nd900dcorrelationcoefficientswereobservedbetweenthem．Therefore，thetwomethodswereessentiallyequivalent．Coloniesbetween25and100wererecommendedtocountmoldsandyeastsinpeachandthenumberoflessthan10"cfu／gwasrecommendedtolimitmoldsandyeastscountsinfreshpeach．Sixgeneticfrom16iso
7、latesofmoldswereisolatedandidentified，includingAlternariaspp．，Memnoniellaspp．，Moniliaspp．，Penicilliumspp．，Spicariaspp．a(chǎn)ndRhizoctoniaspp．，whichsuggestedatheoreticalbasisfurfurtherstudyonthepathogeniccapability,infectionprocessandinfectionrules．Keywords：whitepeach，Salmonel
8、lasp．，mold，yeastIIAoACBPWcfuCI：蛆DNAdNTPEBl珂VgeneMRLNa21既)TAPBSPCAPCRPnARBCr／minSDSTa1AEThnisTSB縮略詞Abbre
