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1、光伏并網(wǎng)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)電磁兼容研究摘要隨著環(huán)境污染的加大及傳統(tǒng)能源的日益緊缺,改善能源結(jié)構(gòu)與發(fā)展可再生新能源,提高電能的質(zhì)量已經(jīng)成為我國能源發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略性措施。近年來隨著電力電子技術(shù)的進(jìn)步及國家政策的扶持,太陽能發(fā)電以其資源豐富、無污染、建設(shè)周期短等優(yōu)點(diǎn)引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注。由于太陽能并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)中使用了大量的電力電子器件,使系統(tǒng)的電磁兼容性問題突顯出來,成為工程及科研人員關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn),隨著并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的增加影響其兼容性變得更加重要。本文以6KVA三相光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器為研究對象,分析了逆變器系統(tǒng)主要干擾源、耦合途徑及敏感設(shè)備,對逆變系統(tǒng)電磁兼容性做了詳細(xì)設(shè)計。這些設(shè)計包括(1)電源系統(tǒng)差模和共模
2、EMI濾波器的設(shè)計。(2)對系統(tǒng)的硬件電路和軟件進(jìn)行抗干擾設(shè)計;分析了PCB的基本特性及其布線原則,使其在設(shè)計PCB時得到了很好的運(yùn)用;分析了系統(tǒng)的接地、屏蔽,為了達(dá)到良好的屏蔽效果對系統(tǒng)的外殼結(jié)構(gòu)做了詳細(xì)的設(shè)計;設(shè)計了浪涌電壓保護(hù)電路。(3)詳細(xì)分析了逆變系統(tǒng)諧波產(chǎn)生的機(jī)理及抑制,為了達(dá)到對其高次諧波較好的抑制效果,針對該系統(tǒng)設(shè)計了LCL濾波器,并用Matlab對設(shè)計的濾波器做了仿真。(4)隨著系統(tǒng)頻率的升高使開關(guān)管的損耗也逐漸增大,影響了整個系統(tǒng)的效率,為此著重分析了DSVPWM不連續(xù)調(diào)制模式,并把該調(diào)制模式運(yùn)用到該逆變并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng);在Matlab中做了仿真在硬件電路上測得了
3、實際工作時的波形。通過降損的設(shè)計大大的減小了開關(guān)管損耗,提高了系統(tǒng)的效率。通過在6KVA并網(wǎng)逆變系統(tǒng)上的實驗表明,經(jīng)過電磁兼容設(shè)計后,提高了系統(tǒng)的抗干擾能力,增強(qiáng)了系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性。關(guān)鍵詞:并網(wǎng)逆變器PCBLCL濾波器電磁兼容DSVPWMTheresearchofEMCinsolarphotovoltaicGrid.connectedpowersystemAbstracttraditionalenergyandairpollutionaremoreurgentinourlife,improvingthestructureofrenewableenergyandenhancingt
4、hepowerqualityhavebeentheStrategicmeasuresofourstate.InRecentyears,thesolarenergywasconcernedforitspollution—free、resource-richandshortconstructioncyclewiththedevelopmentofpowerelectronicsandthesupportofnationalpolicies.Theelectromagneticproblemsbecomeimportantfortheusingofnonlinearpowerele
5、ctronicdevicesinsolarphotovoltaicgrid—connectedpowersystem,evenmoreimportantwiththeincreaseofgrid—connectedsystem.Inthispaper,themaininterference、coupledchannelandsensitiveequipmentwasanalyzedonthebaseof6KVAThree-phasegridconnectedinvertersystem.Theelectromagneticcompatibilityoftheinverters
6、ystemhasbeenanalyzedanddesignedindetail;thefollowingaspectsareincluded:1)CommonanddifferentialmodeEMIfilterweredesignedforthesystem;2)Anti—interfereonthehardwarecircuitandsoftsystemweredesigned;thefeatureofPCBandthebasicrulesofPCBwereanalyzed;circuitgrounding、theshellstructureandelectromagn
7、eticshieldingweredesignedforthesystem;andover-voltageprotectiondesignisalsoincluded;3)Thefurtheranalysisonharmonicgenerationandsuppressionweremade,inordertohaveagoodsuppressionofhighfrequencyharmonic,aLCLfilterisdesignedforthesystemandsimulatedwithMatlab