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1、摘要雷擊對(duì)架空線路,特別是35kV及以下的配電線路,會(huì)對(duì)其造成嚴(yán)重的傷害。這些線路是變電站和重要負(fù)荷的聯(lián)絡(luò)紐帶,以及電氣化軌道交通的骨干網(wǎng)絡(luò),雷擊故障會(huì)造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和極其負(fù)面的社會(huì)效應(yīng)。由于這些線路自身的絕緣水平低下,線路防雷是長期存在的難點(diǎn)?,F(xiàn)有的線路防雷技術(shù)主要包括加強(qiáng)絕緣確保雷擊不閃絡(luò)的“堵塞型”和用雷擊跳閘率的增高來換取雷擊故障率降低的“疏導(dǎo)型"兩種技術(shù)路線。本文研究新的防雷裝置,在防雷間隙的基礎(chǔ)上加裝爆轟氣流滅弧裝置,利用間隙裝置對(duì)雷擊過電壓波進(jìn)行疏導(dǎo),利用爆轟氣流滅弧裝置對(duì)工頻續(xù)流進(jìn)行堵截,使雷擊線路不
2、跳閘,降低或完全消除雷擊事故對(duì)架空線路的損害,提高供電可靠性。本文對(duì)爆轟氣流滅弧的機(jī)理進(jìn)行了理論分析,對(duì)裝置的點(diǎn)火、爆轟氣流的相關(guān)參數(shù)、電弧熄滅的機(jī)理均建立了數(shù)學(xué)分析模型,并在理論的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行了真實(shí)的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。在反復(fù)的對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)下,確定了爆轟裝置的電火頭參數(shù),爆轟產(chǎn)氣藥劑的配方和裝藥量,為裝置的深入研究打下實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)。本文還將實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果代入先前建立的數(shù)學(xué)模型,分析了裝藥量與滅弧時(shí)間的關(guān)系,并用滅弧實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了該理論大體正確。本裝置在廣西合浦縣的雷擊高發(fā)線路進(jìn)行了試運(yùn)行。經(jīng)檢驗(yàn),裝置安全有效,做到了雷擊輸電設(shè)備不損壞、不跳閘,并將
3、線路的雷擊跳閘率較原來降低了97%,可以推廣使用。關(guān)鍵詞:線路防雷爆轟氣流熄弧模型實(shí)驗(yàn)研究EXPERIMENTALSTUDYoFNEWPARALLELGAPLIGHTNINGPRoTECTIoNDEVICEUSINGTHEDEToNATIoNMETHoDSFoRARCEXTINGUISHEDABSTRACTLightningonoverheadlines,especiallythe35kVandbelowthedistributionlines,cancauseseriousinjury.Theselinesaretie
4、sbetweenimportantpowersubstationandload,aswellaselectrificationoftherailtransportationbackboneofthetransmissionline,alightningfaultcancausehugeeconomiclossesandextremelynegativesocialeffects.Becauseofthelowlevelinsulationofthesetransmissionlines,thelightningprote
5、ctionisalong—standingdifficulties.Lightningprotectionofexistingtechnologiesincludestwotechniques,reinforcedinsulationtoensurethatnolightninginsulatorflashover,called”plugtype¨;theotheroneIncreasedwiththerateoflightningtriptoreducethefailurerateforlightning,called
6、’’Releasetype’’.Researchinthispapernewlightningprotectiondevices,baseontheparallelgap,usingadetonationmethodsforarcextinguished,usingtheparallelgapdeviceonthereleaseoflightningover·voltagewaves,usingtheUsingdetonationdevicetointerceptthecontinuedflowfrequencyarc,
7、SOthatoverheadlineswarestruckbylightningdonottrip,Reduceorcompletelyeliminatelightningdamageaccidentontheoverheadlines,improvethereliabilityofelectricitysupply.Inthispaper,themechanismofdetonationconditions,theⅡtheoreticalanalysis,theignitiondevice、parametersofde
8、tonationairflOW、themechanismofarcextinctionwerestudiedbymathematicalmodeling,andundertheguidanceofthetheory,wemakearealexperimentalstudy.Thiswillresult,withthe