【外文翻譯】大型企業(yè)的財(cái)務(wù)控制

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1、英文原文：FINANCIALCONTROLOFLARGE-SCALEENTERPRISEByR.A.GORDONUniversityofCaliforniaTherehasbeenmuchdiscussioninrecentyearsaboutthecontrolofthelargecorporation.IamindebtedtotheHarvardUniversityCommitteeonResearchintheSocialSciencesforfinancialaidincarryingonastudyofmodernbusin

2、essleadership,oneaspectofwhichisdealtwithinthepresentpaper.Wehearagreatdealaboutconcentrationofcontrol,separationofownershipandcontrol,controlbybankingandotherfinancialinterests,andsoon.Oneofthemoststrikingcharacteristicsofthewritingsinthisfieldisthevaguenessthatsurround

3、sthefrequentlyverylooseuseoftheword"control."Surprisinglylittlehasbeensaidaboutthecontentandnatureofcontrol(inrelationtocorporateactivities),andlittle,ifany,attempthasbeenmadetodistinguishbetweenthepossessionofpower,ontheonehand,andtheexerciseofcontrolarisingfromtheposse

4、ssionofpower,ontheother.Norhastherebeenanysystematicefforttorelatethecontrolconceptsimpliedinvariousstudiesofcorporateorganizationtotheactivecontrolfunctionoftheentrepreneurwhichissupposedlynecessarytotheefficientworkingofoureconomicsystem.Ishallattemptinthispapertodispe

5、lsomeoftheambiguitynowsur-roundingdiscussionsofcorporatecontrol.Ipropose,inparticular,toex-aminethepowerpossessedbyfinancialgroupsandtheextenttowhichthispoweristranslatedintotheexerciseofanactualandactivecontrolovertheproductiveprocess.Therehasbeensomebrieftreatmentofthe

6、question:Whathappenstotheentrepreneurinthelargecorporationwhenownershipisdivorcedfromcontrol?Cf.R.A.Gordon,"StockholdingsofOfficersandDirectorsinAmericanIndustrialCorporations,"QuarterlyJournalofEconomics,L(1936),pp.652-55,andthereferencestherecited;alsoB.W.Lewis,"TheCor

7、porateEntrepreneur,"ibid.,LI(1937),pp.535-44,andR.A.Gordon,"Enterprise,Profits,andtheModernCorporation,"inExplorationsinEconomics,pp.306-16.Ingeneral,specialistsincorporateorganizationhavepaidlittleattentiontothetheoreticalimplicationsoftheirwork,whiletheorists,onthispoi

8、ntasonothers,havenottakensufficientcognizanceofthedetailsofthecontemporaryinstitutionalsetting.I.Entrep