資源描述：
《Introduction(引言)》由會(huì)員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在行業(yè)資料-天天文庫。
1、Chapter1Introduction（引言）§1.1SpaceandTime（空間與時(shí)間）universe宇宙object物體measurement測量kinematics運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)motionofobjects物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)masspoint/particle質(zhì)點(diǎn)centerofmass質(zhì)心spaceandtime時(shí)空rotation旋轉(zhuǎn)subject研究的對(duì)象phenomena現(xiàn)象intergalactic星系間的submicroscopic亞微觀的dimension尺度uniform均勻的isotropic各向同性的continuous連續(xù)的
2、direction方向graininess顆粒性location位置frameofreference參考系specify確定、規(guī)定simultaneously同時(shí)地inconsistentwith與…不一致define/definition定義platinum-iridium鉑銥合金atomicstandard原子標(biāo)準(zhǔn)transition躍遷meridian子午線generalconferenceonweightsandmeasures國際計(jì)量大會(huì)vacuum真空formerstandardoflength米原器atomicenergyleve
3、l原子能級(jí)isotopecesium銫同位素krypton氪angstrom?！?.2CoordinateSystemsandFramesofReference（坐標(biāo)系與參考系）frameofreference參考系coordinatesystem坐標(biāo)系rectangularCartesiancoordinates直角笛卡兒坐標(biāo)系axis/axes(pl.)（坐標(biāo)）軸origin坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)atrest靜止dimension維mutuallyperpendicular互相垂直intersection交點(diǎn)§1.3IdealizedModels（理想模
4、型）idealizedmodel理想模型simplifiedversion簡化方式neglect忽略particle質(zhì)點(diǎn)airresistance空氣阻力vacuum真空intermsof利用rigidbody剛體insulator絕緣體§1.4Vectors（矢量）vector矢量scalar標(biāo)量magnitude大小velocity速度acceleration加速度momentum動(dòng)量proportionalto正比于parallel平行positionvector位置矢量§1.5PropertiesofVectors（矢量的特點(diǎn)）resu
5、ltant/netvector合矢量addition加法subtraction減法equivalent等價(jià)的translate平移head-to-tailmethod三角形法parallelogrammethod平行四邊形法diagonal對(duì)角線commutativelaw交換律scalarproduct標(biāo)積dotproduct點(diǎn)積distributivelaw分配律multiplication乘法crossproduct叉積vectorproduct矢積area面積right-handrule右手定則parallel平行multiply乘fu
6、nction函數(shù)somevariable某一變量derivative導(dǎo)數(shù)§1.6ComponentsofaVector（矢量的分量）component分量absolutevalue絕對(duì)值projection投影perpendicular垂線rectangularcomponent正交分量§1.7UnitVectors（單位矢量）unitvector單位矢量dimensionless無量綱的unitmagnitude單位大小respectively分別地Chapter2Kinematics:MotioninTwoandThreeDimension
7、s（運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)：二維與三維運(yùn)動(dòng)）§2.1KinematicalFunctionofaPoint（質(zhì)點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)函數(shù)）positionvector位置矢量trigonometry三角學(xué)§2.2DisplacementandVelocity（位移與速度）trajectory軌跡displacementvector位移矢量velocity速度ratio比值，比率straightline直線approach趨近、接近limit極限averagevelocity平均速度instantaneousvelocity瞬時(shí)速度slope斜率chord弦limitingp
8、rocess求極限過程curvedpath彎曲路徑derivative導(dǎo)數(shù)magnitudeanddirection大小和方向speed速率scala
