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1、高粱耐鹽性評(píng)價(jià)方法研究及耐鹽堿資源的篩選籍貴蘇1,杜瑞恒1,劉國(guó)慶1,李素英1,侯升林1,呂芃1,馬雪1,趙全民2,,張之越3(1河北省農(nóng)林科學(xué)院谷子研究所/河北省雜糧研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室/國(guó)家谷子改良中心,石家莊,050035:;2永年縣農(nóng)牧局,永年,057150;3北京化工大學(xué)北方學(xué)院,北京,065201)摘要本文用5.43g/L50mmol/L(50mmol/L)的配比鹽水溶液對(duì)3-5葉期高粱幼苗進(jìn)行處理,用幼苗相對(duì)成活率對(duì)568份高粱種質(zhì)進(jìn)行分級(jí),結(jié)果顯示:5%的種質(zhì)具有3級(jí)以上的耐鹽性。此法可以用來(lái)進(jìn)行大量種質(zhì)的苗期耐鹽篩選。根據(jù)植株在不同含鹽量的鹽堿
2、地上生長(zhǎng)的性狀差異,對(duì)成株期的高粱進(jìn)行耐鹽鑒定,利用處理間性狀的差異及各性狀與穗重和稈重的相關(guān)性構(gòu)建一個(gè)耐鹽指數(shù)來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)材料對(duì)鹽堿的耐性,從而對(duì)18個(gè)高粱品種和品系進(jìn)行了分級(jí),適合于鹽堿地推廣品種的篩選。關(guān)鍵詞高粱種質(zhì);耐鹽評(píng)價(jià);篩選;分級(jí)MethodologyandScreenofSaline-alkalineToleranceinSorghumAccessionsJIGui-su!1,DURui-heng1,LIUGuo-qing1,LISu-ying1,HOUSheng-lin1,LVPeng1,MAXue1ZHAOQuan-min2,ZHANGZ
3、hi-yue3(1MilletcropsInstitute,HebeiAcademyofAgricultureandForestrysciences/MinorCerealsResearchLabofHebeiProvince/NationalMilletCropsImprovementCenter,Shijiazhuang050035:2AgricultureBureauofYongniancounty,yongnian,057150:3NorthCollegeofBeijingUniversityofChemicalTechnology,Beiji
4、ng,065201)Abstract:Seedlingswith3-5leavesoffivehundredandsixty-eightsorghumaccessionsweretreatedwith5.43g/L50mmol/L(50mmol/L)saline-alkalinesolutiontoevaluatethetolerancebyscoringtheseedingsurvivalpercentage.Resultshowedthatabout5%oftheaccessionspossessedathirdgradandabovetolera
5、ncetosaline-alkaline.Themethodologycouldbeappliedforsaline-alkalinetoleranceevaluationinseedlingstage.However,thesaline-alkalinetoleranceofmatureplantswerescreenedwiththefollowingindexsystem,witchtheagronomictraitsshowedsignificantlydifferentamongdifferenttreatmentsandthecorrela
6、tionshipbetweenthecheckedcharactersandfreshspikeckweightandfreshstemweight.Eighteensorghumcultivarswerescreenedusingaboveevaluationsystem.ThissystemwassuitableforcultivarsscreenofSaline-alkalinetoleranceincoastalarea.Keywords:Sorghumaccession;Saline-alkalinetolerance;Screen;Eval
7、uationmethodology利用和改良鹽漬化土地、充分利用光資源是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的重要問(wèn)題,篩選一些耐鹽作物是解決這一問(wèn)題的主要途徑。我國(guó)環(huán)渤海地區(qū)具有數(shù)百萬(wàn)公頃的鹽漬化土地,玉米、小麥等大田作物不宜生長(zhǎng),而種植耐鹽性好的能源作物、牧草和經(jīng)濟(jì)作物是促進(jìn)該區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展和經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè),改善當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)條件的重要環(huán)節(jié)。高粱抗旱、耐瘠薄、耐鹽堿,又是最有潛力的生物質(zhì)能源作物。我國(guó)發(fā)展生物質(zhì)能源的政策是不與糧爭(zhēng)地,不與口爭(zhēng)糧,因此,在沿海地區(qū)發(fā)展能源高粱也是順應(yīng)國(guó)策和穩(wěn)定社會(huì)的需求。對(duì)高粱耐鹽種質(zhì)進(jìn)行篩選鑒定及評(píng)價(jià)方法的探討,篩選耐鹽種質(zhì),創(chuàng)新適合當(dāng)?shù)胤N植的新品種,對(duì)沿海
8、地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展意義重大,對(duì)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和生物質(zhì)能源發(fā)展十分必要。建設(shè),改善當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)條件的