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1、公職監(jiān)護(hù)論文：國(guó)家公職監(jiān)護(hù)制度研究【中文摘要】監(jiān)護(hù)制度起源于古羅馬,最初設(shè)立監(jiān)護(hù)制度主要是為了保護(hù)家族利益,防止家族財(cái)產(chǎn)被他人侵占。發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在其意義已不在于保護(hù)家族財(cái)產(chǎn),而是為了維護(hù)被監(jiān)護(hù)人的利益。監(jiān)護(hù)人的選任也經(jīng)歷了從家庭內(nèi)部親屬擔(dān)任到國(guó)家公權(quán)力介入的轉(zhuǎn)變,展現(xiàn)了監(jiān)護(hù)的公法化和社會(huì)化。現(xiàn)代世界各國(guó)立法基本都設(shè)立了監(jiān)護(hù)制度,而且絕大多數(shù)國(guó)家公職監(jiān)護(hù)制度都己相當(dāng)完善。而我國(guó)的監(jiān)護(hù)制度從總體發(fā)展來說,明顯滯后于社會(huì)發(fā)展。國(guó)家公職監(jiān)護(hù)制度不盡合理,其中關(guān)于單位作為監(jiān)護(hù)人的規(guī)定更是帶有濃重計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)的色彩。隨著經(jīng)
2、濟(jì)體制改革的深化,市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,現(xiàn)有監(jiān)護(hù)制度中存在的問題日益突出,單位等機(jī)構(gòu)已不再適合充當(dāng)國(guó)家公職監(jiān)護(hù)人,國(guó)家把監(jiān)護(hù)的任務(wù)推給單位的做法應(yīng)該立即改正。本文的研究主要采用了文獻(xiàn)法和比較分析的方法,并利用一定的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合社會(huì)學(xué)的相關(guān)知識(shí),提出國(guó)家公職監(jiān)護(hù)不應(yīng)該僅僅是對(duì)被監(jiān)護(hù)人基本法律權(quán)利的保障,的是促進(jìn)被監(jiān)護(hù)人的全面發(fā)展,賦予我國(guó)的公職監(jiān)護(hù)制度的人文情懷。論文除了引言,包括五部分：第一部分,論述監(jiān)護(hù)制度的詞源考察、歷史、概念、分類及性質(zhì)。第二部分,論述各國(guó)法律關(guān)于公職監(jiān)護(hù)的規(guī)定。第三部分,論述公職監(jiān)護(hù)
3、人出現(xiàn)的原因。第四部分,我國(guó)現(xiàn)行公職監(jiān)護(hù)制度的缺陷及改革的必要性。第五部分,完善我國(guó)公職監(jiān)護(hù)制度的建議,根據(jù)未成年人和成年人的不同特點(diǎn)分別提出對(duì)策?！居⑽恼縂uardianshipsystemoriginatedinancientRome,wasoriginallyestablishedmonitoringsystemtoprotectthefamilyinterestsmainlytopreventthefamilypropertyoccupiedbyothers.Itssignificanceh
4、asbeendevelopedtoprotectthefamilypropertyisnot,buttosafeguardtheinterestsoftheward.Appointmentofguardianalsoexperiencedwithinthefamilyrelativesfromthestatepowertointerveneastochangethelawtoshowthecareandsocialization.Nationallegislationofthemodernworldha
5、veestablishedthebasiccaresystem,butmostcountrieshavewell-establishedsystemofpublicguardianship.ThemonitoringsystemfromChina’soveralldevelopment,itisobviouslaginsocialdevelopment.Unreasonablepublicguardianshipsystem,includingtheprovisionsoftheUnitistoacta
6、sguardianoftheplannedeconomywithastrongcolor.Withthedeepeningofeconomicrestructuring,developmentofmarketeconomy,theexistingmonitoringsystem,theproblemsbecomemoreprominent,unitsandotherinstitutionsarenolongersuitabletoactaspublicguardian,thestatehasthetas
7、kofmonitoringthepracticeofpushingtotheunitshouldbeimmediatelycorrected.Thisstudymainlyusestheliteratureandcomparativeanalysis,andusesomeofthesurveydata,combinedwithknowledgeofsociology,presentedapublicguardianshipshouldnotonlyistheguardianoffundamentalle
8、galrightsareprotectedmoreofapromotionhasbeenGuardianofthecomprehensivedevelopmentofChina’spublicguardianshipsystemtogivemorehumanfeelings.Papersinadditiontoanintroduction,includingfiveparts:Thefirstpartdiscussestheetymolog
