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1、作者HenryJames,?OM?(15April1843–28February1916)wasanAmerican-bornBritishwriter,regardedasoneofthekeyfiguresof19th-century?literaryrealism.Hewasthesonof?HenryJames,Sr.?andthebrotherofphilosopherandpsychologist?WilliamJames?anddiarist?AliceJames.Jamesalt
2、ernatedbetweenAmericaandEuropeforthefirst20yearsofhislife,afterwhichhesettledinEngland,becominga?Britishsubject?in1915,oneyearbeforehisdeath.HeisprimarilyknownfortheseriesofnovelsinwhichheportraystheencounterofAmericanswithEuropeandEuropeans.Hismetho
3、dofwritingfromthepointofviewofacharacterwithinataleallowshimtoexploreissuesrelatedto?consciousnessand?perception,andhisstyleinlaterworkshasbeencomparedto?impressionistpainting.Jamescontributedsignificantlyto?literarycriticism,particularlyinhisinsiste
4、ncethatwritersbeallowedthegreatestpossiblefreedominpresentingtheirviewoftheworld.Jamesclaimedthatatextmustfirstandforemostberealisticandcontainarepresentationoflifethatisrecognisabletoitsreaders.Goodnovels,toJames,showlifeinactionandare,mostimportant
5、ly,interesting.Theconceptofagoodorbadnovelisjudgedsolelyuponwhethertheauthorisgoodorbad.Hisimaginativeuseof?pointofview,interiormonologue?andpossibly?unreliablenarrators?inhisownnovelsandtalesbroughtanewdepthandinterestto?narrative?fiction.Anextraord
6、inarilyproductivewriter,inadditiontohisvoluminousworksoffictionhepublishedarticlesandbooksof?travel,biography,autobiography,and?criticism,andwroteplays,someofwhichwereperformedduringhislifetimewithmoderatesuccess.Histheatricalworkisthoughttohaveprofo
7、undlyinfluencedhislaternovelsandtales.StyleandthemesJamesisoneofthemajorfiguresof?trans-Atlantic?literature.Hisworksfrequentlyjuxtaposecharactersfromthe?OldWorld?(Europe),embodyingafeudalcivilizationthatisbeautiful,oftencorrupt,andalluring,andfromthe
8、?NewWorld?(UnitedStates),wherepeopleareoftenbrash,open,andassertive?andembodythevirtues—freedomandamorehighlyevolvedmoralcharacter—ofthenewAmericansociety.Jamesexploresthisclashofpersonalitiesandcultures,instoriesofpersonalrelationshipsinwhichpoweris
