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1、?HowtoReadLacan?SlavojZizek1.IntroductionLet'strytopracticealittlebrain-washingonourselves.[1]In2000,the100thanniversaryofthepublicationofFreud’sTheInterpretationofDreamswasaccompaniedbyanewwaveoftriumphalistacclamationsofhowpsychoanalysisisdead:withthenewadvances
2、inbrainsciences,itisfinallyputwhereitbelongedallthetime,tothelumber-roomofpre-scientificobscurantistsearchforhiddenmeanings,alongsidereligiousconfessorsanddream-readers.AsToddDufresne[2]putit,nofigureinthehistoryofhumanthoughtwasmorewrongaboutallitsfundamentals-wi
3、ththeexceptionofMarx,somewouldadd.And,effectivelyandpredictably,in2005,theinfamousTheBlackBookofCommunism,listingalltheCommunistcrimes,[3]wasfollowedbyTheBlackBookofPsychoanalysis,listingallthetheoreticalmistakesandclinicalfraudsofpsychoanalysis.[4]Inthisnegativew
4、ay,atleast,theprofoundsolidarityofMarxismandpsychoanalysisisnowdisplayedforalltosee.Thereissomethingtothisfuneraloratory.Acenturyago,inordertosituatehisdiscoveryoftheunconsciousinthehistoryofmodernEurope,Freuddevelopedtheideaofthreesuccessivehumiliationsofman,thet
5、hree“narcissisticillnesses,”ashecalledthem.First,CopernicusdemonstratedthatEarthturnsaroundtheSunandthusdeprivedus,humans,ofthecentralplaceintheuniverse.Then,Darwindemonstratedouroriginfromblindevolution,therebydeprivingusoftheprivilegedplaceamonglivingbeings.Fina
6、lly,whenFreudhimselfrenderedvisiblethepredominantroleoftheunconsciousinpsychicprocesses,itbecameclearthatouregoisnotevenamasterinhisownhouse.Today,ahundredyearslater,amoreextremepictureisemerging:thelatestscientificbreakthroughsseemtoaddawholeseriesoffurtherhumili
7、ationstothenarcissisticimageofman:ourminditselfismerelyacomputingmachinefordata-processing,oursenseoffreedomandautonomyismerelytheuser’sillusionofthismachine.Consequently,withregardtotoday’sbrainsciences,psychoanalysisitself,farfrombeingsubversive,ratherseemstobel
8、ongtothetraditionalhumanistfieldthreatenedbythelatesthumiliations.Is,then,psychoanalysistodayreallyoutdated?Itseemsthatitis,onthreeinterconnectedlevels:
