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1、AIDSUnitedNationsInternationalChildren'sEmergencyFundUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramUnitedNationsFundforPopulationActivitiesUnitedNationsInternationalDrugControlProgrammeUnitedNationsEducationalScientificAndCulturalOrganizationGeneticresearchindicatesthatHIVoriginatedinwest-cent
2、ralAfricaduringthelatenineteenthorearlytwentiethcentury.AIDSwasfirstrecognizedbytheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionin1981anditscause,HIV,identifiedintheearly1980s.AIDSisnowapandemic.WhatisAIDS?AIDSstandsfor:AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndromeAIDSisamedicalcondition.Aperson
3、isdiagnosedwithAIDSwhentheirimmunesystemistooweaktofightoffinfections.CurrentSituationIn2007,itwasestimatedthat33.2millionpeoplelivedwiththediseaseworldwide,andthatAIDSkilledanestimated2.1millionpeople,including330,000children.Overthree-quartersofthesedeathsoccurredinsub-Saharan
4、Africa,retarding（[ri'tɑ:d]減緩）economicgrowthanddestroyinghumancapital.WhatcausesAIDS?AIDSiscausedbyHIV.HIVisavirusthatgraduallyattacksimmunesystemcells.AsHIVprogressivelydamagesthesecells,thebodybecomesmorevulnerabletoinfections,whichitwillhavedifficultyinfightingoff.Itisatthepoi
5、ntofveryadvancedHIVinfectionthatapersonissaidtohaveAIDS.ItcanbeyearsbeforeHIVhasdamagedtheimmunesystemenoughforAIDStodevelop.CAUSEWhatarethesymptomsofAIDS?ApersonisdiagnosedwithAIDSwhentheyhavedevelopedanAIDSrelatedconditionorsymptom,calledanopportunisticinfection,oranAIDSrelate
6、dcancer.Theinfectionsarecalled‘opportunistic’becausetheytakeadvantageoftheopportunityofferedbyaweakenedimmunesystem.ItispossibleforsomeonetobediagnosedwithAIDSeveniftheyhavenotdevelopedanopportunisticinfection.AIDScanbediagnosedwhenthenumberofimmunesystemcells(CD4cells)inthebloo
7、dofanHIVpositivepersondropsbelowacertainlevel.PeoplewithAIDSalsohaveanincreasedriskofdevelopingvariouscancerssuchasKaposi‘ssarcoma（特發(fā)性出血性肉瘤）,cervical（頸部的)cancerandcancersoftheimmunesystemknownaslymphomas（淋巴瘤）.Additionally,peoplewithAIDSoftenhavesystemicsymptomsofinfectionlikefev
8、ers,sweats(particularlyatnight),swollenglands,c
