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1、ARTICLEReceived19May2014
2、Accepted23Jan2015
3、Published6Mar2015DOI:10.1038/ncomms7378OPENVisualizingreal-timein?uenzavirusinfection,transmissionandprotectioninferretsErikA.Karlsson1,*,VictoriaA.Meliopoulos1,*,ChandraSavage2,BrandiLivingston2,AndrewMehle3
4、&StaceySchultz-Cherry1In?uenzatransmissionef?ciencyinferretsisvitalforrisk-assessmentstudies.However,theinabilitytomonitorviralinfectionandtransmissiondynamicsinrealtimeonlyprovidesaglimpseintotransmissibility.Hereweexploitareplication-competentin?uen
5、zareportervirustoinvestigatedynamicsofinfection/transmissioninferrets.BioluminescentimagingofferretsinfectedwithA/California/04/2009H1N1virus(CA/09)encodingNanoLuc(NLuc)luciferaseprovidesthe?rstreal-timesnapshotofin?uenzainfection/transmission.Lumines
6、cenceintherespiratorytractandinlesswell-characterizedextra-pulmonarysitesisobserved,andimagingidenti?esinfectionsinanimalsthatwouldhaveotherwisebeenmissedbytraditionalmethods.Finally,thereportervirussigni?cantlyincreasesthespeedandsensitivityofvirolog
7、icalandserologicalassays.Thus,bioluminescentimagingofin?uenzainfectionsrapidlydeterminesintra-hostdissemination,inter-hosttransmissionandviralload,revealinginfectiondynamicsandpandemicpotentialofthevirus.Theseresultshaveimportantimplicationsforantivir
8、aldrugsusceptibility,vaccineef?cacy,transmissibilityandpathogenicitystudies.1DepartmentofInfectiousDiseases,StJudeChildren’sResearchHospital,Memphis,Tennessee38105,USA.2AnimalResourceCenter,StJudeChildren’sResearchHospital,Memphis,Tennessee38105,USA.3
9、DepartmentofMedicalMicrobiologyandImmunology,UniversityofWisconsin-Madison,Madison,Wisconsin53706,USA.*Theseauthorscontributedequallytothiswork.CorrespondenceandrequestsformaterialsshouldbeaddressedtoA.M.(email:amehle@wisc.edu)ortoS.S.-C.(email:stacey
10、.schultz-cherry@stjude.org).NATURECOMMUNICATIONS
11、6:6378
12、DOI:10.1038/ncomms7378
13、www.nature.com/naturecommunications1&2015MacmillanPublishersLimited.Allrightsreserved.ARTICLENATURECOMMUNICATIONS
14、DOI:10.1038/ncomms7378easonaloutbreaksofin?uenzavi
