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1、12thISCOConferenceBeijing2002SoilErosionCharacteristicsandControlMeasuresinChina112YangAimin,WangHao,TangKewangandSunGe1DepartmentofWaterResources,ChinaInstituteofWaterResourcesandHydropowerResearch,Beijing100044,P.R.China2SouthernGlobalChangeProgram,NorthCarolinaStateUniver
2、sity,Raleigh,NC27606,USAAbstract:SerioussoilerosionproblemsexistinChinaduetolongtermanthropologicactivitiesanditserosion-ponelandformsandclimate.Adiversesoilerosiontypesthroughoutthecountryarecausedbyforcesfromwater,wind,gravity,waterandwindmixture,freezingandglaciers.Accord
3、ingtoerosionforces,theentirecontinenthasbeencategorizedtoeightregionsincludingNorthwesternLoessPlateau,NortheasternBlackEarthHills,NorthernEarthyRockies,SouthernRedEarthHills,SouthwestEarthyRockies,SouthwestCarstRockies,DebrisFlow-ProneRegion,NorthwestAridandSemi-aridDeserts
4、,andFreezeDominatedErosionRegion.SystematicsoilerosioncontrolinChinastartedinthe1980s.FocuseshavebeenoneightkeyregionsencompassingsevenlargeriverbasinssuchastheYangtzeRiverandtheYellowRiver.Acomprehensivesoilerosioncontrolsystemhasbeendevelopedthatintegrateslandplanningandma
5、nagement,biologicalbasedmethods,engineeringbasedmethods,agriculturalcroppingtechnologyandlawenforcement.Soilerosioncontrolhasbeenbasedonsmallwatershedandimplementedonacountylevelunderacomprehensiveplanningframeworkformountain,waterandcroplandecosystems.1IntroductionModernacc
6、eleratedsoilerosionproblemshavebeenlinkedtoirrationallandexplorationresultingfromhumanactivities.Chinawithitshugepopulationandlandmassandvarietyofclimatesofferanidealsettingforstudyinghowsoilerosionandsedimentationareaffectedbynaturalandsocioeconomicdevelopment.LandsinChinah
7、aslongbeenunderintensepopulationpressuresincethelate1800s.Atpresent,arablelandpercapitaismerelylessthan1/10haor1/5oftheworldaverage.RecenteffortsofsoilerosioncontrolinChinamayalsoprovidelessonsandexperienceforotherdevelopingcountrieswithsimilarproblems.Ingeneral,inthepast,su
8、chliteraturesarerarelyavailabletotheinternationalcommunitiesduetolanguageba
