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1、Chapter36TransportinVascularPlants維管植物的運輸Overview:PathwaysforSurvivalofvascularplant(維管植物存活途徑)Forvascularplants,theevolutionaryjourney(演化之旅)ontolandinvolvedthedifferentiationoftheplantbodyintorootsandshoots(植物體分化為根與枝條)Vasculartissuetransportsnutrientsthroughoutaplant;su
2、chtransportmayoccuroverlongdistances(長途運輸)Figure36.1KeyConceptsConcept36.1:PhysicalforcesdrivethetransportofmaterialsinplantsoverarangeofdistancesConcept36.2:RootsabsorbwaterandmineralsfromthesoilConcept36.3:Waterandmineralsascendfromrootstoshootsthroughxylem(木質部)Concep
3、t36.4:Stomatahelpregulatetherateoftranspiration(蒸散作用)Concept36.5:Organicnutrientsaretranslocatedthroughthephloem(韌皮部)Concept36.1:PhysicalforcesdrivethetransportofmaterialsinplantsoverarangeofdistancesTransportinvascularplantsoccursonthreescales(三種尺度/三種層次)Transportofwate
4、randsolutesbyindividualcells,suchasroothairs(個別細胞水與溶質的運輸)Short-distancetransportofsubstancesfromcelltocellatthelevelsoftissuesandorgans(組織與器官內細胞間物質的短距離運輸)Long-distancetransportwithinxylemandphloematthelevelofthewholeplant(整株植物木質部與韌皮部的長距離運輸)Avarietyofphysicalprocesses(物理
5、過程)areinvolvedinthedifferenttypesoftransport(眾多物理過程介入或參與不同型式的運輸)Figure36.2MineralsH2OCO2O2CO2O2H2OSugarLightSugarsareproducedbyphotosynthesisintheleaves.5Sugarsaretransportedasphloemsaptorootsandotherpartsoftheplant.6Throughstomata,leaves takeinCO2andexpelO2. TheCO2prov
6、idescarbonforphotosynthesis.SomeO2producedbyphotosynthesis isusedincellularrespiration.4Transpiration,thelossofwaterfromleaves(mostlythroughstomata),createsaforcewithinleavesthatpullsxylemsapupward.3Waterandmineralsaretransportedupwardfromrootstoshootsasxylemsap.2Rootsa
7、bsorbwateranddissolvedmineralsfromthesoil.1Rootsexchangegaseswiththeairspacesofsoil,takinginO2anddischargingCO2.Incellularrespiration,O2supportsthebreakdownofsugars.7(木質液)(木質液)(蒸散作用)(韌皮液)SelectivePermeabilityofMembranes:AReview膜的選擇通透性----各種膜系統Theselectivepermeability(選擇
8、通透性)ofaplantcell’splasmamembrane(細胞膜)ControlsthemovementofsolutesintoandoutofthecellSpecifictransportproteins/
