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1、RiseofEmpires“TheLateBronzeAgeintheMiddleEastwasa‘cosmopolitan’eraofwidelysharedculturesandlifestyles.Diplomaticrelationsandcommercialcontactsbetweenstatesfosteredtheflowofgoodsandideas,andelitegroupssharedsimilarvaluesandenjoyedarelativelyhighstandardofliving.Thepeasantsinthecountryside,who
2、constitutedthemajorityofthepopulation,sawsomeimprovementintheirstandardoflivingbutreapedfewerbenefitsfromtheincreasingcontactsandtrade.”Bulliet(2011),p82TheLateBronzeAgealsowitnessedtheriseofeverlargerandmoreinnovativeempires.Hereyouwillseesourcesfromthreeoftheseempires.HittiteEmpire1700to12
3、00BCEAHittitekingwritestoavaluedcustomerabouthisorderforiron.TheletterisprobablyaddressedtoakingofAssyria:'Inthematterofthegoodironaboutwhichyouwrote,goodironisnotatpresentavailableinmystorehouseinKizzuwatna.Ihavealreadytoldyouthatthisisabadtimeforproducingiron.Theywillbeproducinggoodiron,bu
4、ttheywon'thavefinishedyet.Ishallsendittoyouwhentheyhavefinished.AtpresentIamsendingyouanirondagger-blade.'QuotedH.W.F.SaggsCivilizationbeforeGreeceandRome,Batsford1989,page20512GodsoftheUnderworld,TempleofYazilikayasReliefofgodSharrumaandKingTudhaliyaatTempleofYazilikayasNewKingdomEgyptianEm
5、pire1532to1070BCETracingofareliefdepictionofthetradeexpeditiontoLandofPunt(SouthofEygpt)fromtombofQueenHatshepsut,whocommissionedtheexpeditionscenefromTombofHuy,EgyptianViceroyofKushscenefromTombofHuy,EgyptianViceroyofKush“StrategicallyplacedatabendintheNileRiversoastofacethesouthernfrontier
6、,thismonumentwasanadvertisementofEgyptianpower.Atemplewascarvedintothecliffbehindthegiganticstatuesofthepharaoh.Withinthetemple,acorridordecoratedwithreliefsofmilitaryvictoriesleadstoaninnershrinecontainingimagesofthedivinerulerseatedalongsidethreeofthemajorgods.”Bulliet,87“Strategicallyplac
7、edatabendintheNileRiversoastofacethesouthernfrontier,thismonumentwasanadvertisementofEgyptianpower.Atemplewascarvedintothecliffbehindthegiganticstatuesofthepharaoh.Withinthetemple,acorridordecoratedwithreliefsofmilitaryvictoriesleadstoaninnershrine
