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1、4.1ThemaximofQuality:???"Trytomakeyourcontributiononethatistrue,.specifically:(i)donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalse.(ii)donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence"[18]轉(zhuǎn)載于文聯(lián)盟4.2ThemaximofQuantity:"(i)Makeyourcontributionasinformativeasisrequiredforthecurrentpurposesoftheexchange(ii)Donotmakeyou
2、rcontributionmoreinformativethanisrequired"[19]4.3ThemaximofRelation:???"Makeyourcontributionrelevant."[20]4.4ThemaximofManner:"Beperspicuousandspecifically:(i)avoidobscurityofexpression.(ii)avoidambiguity.(iii)bebrief(iv)beorderly."[21]???Fromwhatmentionedabove,wemayknowthattheCooperativePr
3、incipleenablesoneparticipantinaconversationtocommunicateontheassumptionthattheotherparticipantisbeingcooperative.Thesefourmaximsformanecessarypartofthedescriptionoflinguisticmeaninginthattheyexplainhowitisthatthespeakersoften“meanmorethantheysay”intheircommunications.???"Wemaydecidetowithhol
4、dwhateverinformationwepossess:’Nocomment!’Wemayinadvertentlyinfringeamaximorwecansecretlyviolateamaxim—e.g.AcouldmaliciouslyandfalselytellBthatJanethadwalkedintheoppositedirectionfromthepostoffice.Or–moreimportantly–wecanmakeablatantshowofbreakingoneofthemaxims(Gricetermsthisfloutingamaxim),
5、inordertoleadtheaddresseetolookforacovert,impliedmeaning."[22].Forexamples,(3)?"Atthetimeofrecording,allthemembersofthecastweremembersofTheBBCPlayers.(Implicature:OneormoreofthemarenolongermembersofTheBBCPlayers.)"[23]???Generallyspeaking,"inGrice’sanalysis,thespeaker’sfloutingofamaximcombin
6、edwiththehearer’sassumptionthatthespeakerhasnorreallyabandonedtheco-operativeprincipleleadstoanimplicature"[24].Onethingthatdeservesourattentionisthatthefourmaxims,expressedintheimperativemoodhavesometimesbeenmisunderstoodasinstructionsforaspeakertobehaveinconversation.5.Possibleviolatingthe
7、CooperativePrincipleintheuseofeuphemisms???Inthelightoftheforegoingliteraturereviewandthetheoreticalbases,weknowthateuphemismsoreuphemisticexpressionsareimportantandpeopleoftenusethemincommunication.Inreality,itcanbefoundthatthesediplomatsandstates
