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1、676IEEECOMMUNICATIONSLETTERS,VOL.14,NO.7,JULY2010MulticastHandoverAgentsforFastHandoverinWirelessMulticastNetworksSeokJooKohandMoneebGoharAbstract—ThisLetteraddressesthefasthandoverinwirelessmulticastnetworks.Theexistingmulticasthandoverschemetendstoinduceunnecessar
2、ydatatransmissionsandlargehan-doverdelayduringhandover.WeproposeaMulticastHandoverFig.1.ExistingIPmulticastingmodelinMBMS/MBS.Agent(MHA),whichisusedtosupportfasthandoverandtoreduceunnecessarydatatransmission.Intheproposedscheme,eachMHAhasacachetomaintainalistofactiv
3、emobilenodespermulticastgroup,whichisusedtosupportthefastleave.TheMHAalsoperformsthefastjoinwithitsneighboringMHAduringhandover.Bynumericalanalysis,itisshownthattheproposedMHAschemecangivesmallerhandoverdelayscomparedtotheexistingmulticasthandoverscheme.IndexTerms—W
4、irelessnetworks,multicasthandoveragent.I.INTRODUCTIONECENTworksonwirelessmulticastingincludetheRMultimediaBroadcastMulticastServices(MBMS)of3GPP[1]andtheMulticastBroadcastServices(MBS)ofFig.2.Simpli?ednetworkmodelformulticasthandover.IEEE802.16e[2].IntheMBMSandMBSne
5、tworks,thewirelesslinkresourcesaresharedformulticastdeliveryofdatapacketsfromabasestation(BS)tomanymobilenodesII.MULTICASTHANDOVEROPERATIONS(MNs).A.NetworkModelTosupportIPmulticasting,theInternetGroupManagementProtocol(IGMP)[3]isusedinthewirelessaccessnetworks.Todes
6、cribetheexistingandproposedschemes,weconsiderEachBSsendsanIGMPquerytolocalMNs,andthoseasimpli?ednetworkmodel,asdepictedinFig.2.Inthe?gure,localMNswillrespondwithIGMPreportstoBS.Then,thisMNperformsL2handoverbymovementfromBS1toBS2,BSwillsolicitthemulticastdatapacketsb
7、yforwardingaandL3handoverfromBS2toBS3.Itisassumedthateachmembershipreporttoitsupstreammulticastrouter(MR).InBSisequippedwithanMHAintheproposedscheme.turn,MRrequestsmulticastdatapacketstotheRendezvousPoint(RP)usingmulticastroutingprotocols,suchasProtocolB.ExistingMul
8、ticastHandoverIndependentMulticast(PIM)[4],asshowninFig.1.WedescribetheexistingmulticasthandoverschemesforIntheexistingmulticastingmodel,w
