資源描述：
《英語考試英譯漢(1)》由會員上傳分享，免費在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在工程資料-天天文庫。
1、Historyofaviation[11ThediscoveryofthekitethatcouldflyintheairbytheChinesestartedhumansthinkingaboutflying.KiteswereusedbytheChineseinreligiousceremonies.Theybuiltmanycolorfulkitesforfun.Moresophisticatedkiteswereusedtotestweatherconditions.Kiteshavebeenimportanttotheinventionofflightastheywereth
2、eforerunnertoballoonsandgliders.[2]Forcenturiesmanhasdreamedtosoarwiththebirds.FamousinventorssuchasLeonardodaVinci,JohnStringfellow,andLawrenceHargravehaveconjuredupideasofhowtogetsomeofthestrangestmachinestoflylongbeforetheWrightbrothers9famousfirstflightatKittyHawk.[3]Thefirstformofanaircraft
3、wasthekite,designedinthe5thcenturyBC.Lateroninthe13thcentury.RogerBacon,anEnglishmonk,performedstudieswhichlatergavehimtheideathataircouldsupportacraftjustlikewatersupportsboats.Inthe16thcentury,LeonardodaVincistudiedbirdsflight,andlaterproducedtheairscrewandtheparachute.Theairscrew,leadingtothe
4、propellerlateron,andtheparachuteweretremendouslyimportantcontributionstoaviation.Heenvisionedthreedifferenttypesofheavier-than-aircraft:thehelicopter,glider,andornithopter(amachinewithmechanicalwingswhichflaptomimicabird).AlthoughLeonardo'sdesignswereimpractical,seeingtheyrequiredhumanmuscularpo
5、werwhichwasinsufficienttogenerateflightwiththeaircraftheenvisioned,hewasvitaltoaviationbecausehewasthefirsttomakescientificsuggestions.[4]Someofthemorecredibledevelopmentsinactualflightandstabilityoccurredinthe19thcentury.BritishSirGeorgeCayleydesignedacombinedhelicopterandhorizontallypropelleda
6、ircraft,andBritishFrancisHerbertWenhamusedwindtunnelsinhisstudiesandpredictedtheapplicationofmultiplewingsplacedaboveeachothe匸AnotherfamousinventorwasJohnStringfellow,whodesignedasteamenginepoweredaircraftwhichwaslaunchedfromawire.Thismodeldemonstratedliftbutfailedtoactuallyclimb.LawrenceHargrav
7、e,aBritish-bornAustralianinventor,createdarigid-wingaircraftwithflappingbladesoperatedbyacompressed-airmotor,itflew312fit(95m)in1891.Afamousgliderdeveloperinthe19thcenturywasJeanMarieLeBris,aFrenchmanwhotestedagliderwithmova
