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1、科技英語綜合教程輔導(dǎo)書Unit1SourcesofEnergyTextAPetroleumSentencestructureanalysis1.Insteadoforiginatinginaccumulatingwoodymatter,petroleummaybetheproductoftheaccumulatingfattymatterofoceanorganismssuchasplankton,themyriadsofsingle-celledcreaturesthatfloatinthesu
2、rfacelayeroftheocean.(Para.2)石油,并不是來自于逐漸積聚的木質(zhì)物質(zhì),而可能是來自于逐漸積聚的海洋生物的脂肪物質(zhì)。比如浮游生物:大量浮游在海水表層的單細胞生物。這是一個簡單句,主語petroleum,謂語動詞maybe,表語product,構(gòu)成句子主干。insteadof介詞短語作狀語,suchasplankton是product一詞的同位語,themyriadsofsingle-celledcreaturesthatfloatinthesurfacelayerofthe
3、ocean是名詞性短語,做plankton的同位語。2.Itisonlynecessarythattheorganismssettledownintotheoozeunderlyingshallowarmsoftheoceanunderconditionsofoxygenshortage.(Para.3)生物有機體只需在缺氧的條件下沉積到海灣淺水處的淤泥里。該句的框架為:itis+adj.+that從句,it做形式主語,真正的主語是that從句的內(nèi)容?,F(xiàn)在分詞短語underlying…做后置定語修
4、飾ooze。3.Towardtheendofthenineteenthcentury,however,enginesweredevelopedwhichwerepoweredbytheexplosionsofmixturesofairandinflammablevaporswithinthecylinders.(Para.9)然而,到19世紀末人們研制出了內(nèi)燃機。內(nèi)燃機是通過在汽缸里將空氣與可燃氣體混合,產(chǎn)生爆炸來提供動力的。該句為復(fù)合句,句子的主干是enginesaredeveloped,whi
5、ch引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞engines;towardtheendofthenineteenthcentury介詞短語作時間狀語。4.Suchinternalcombustionenginesaremorecompactthanearliersteamenginesandcanbemadetostartatamoment’snotice,whereassteamenginesrequireawaitingperiodwhilethewaterreservewarmstotheboilingpoi
6、nt.(Para.10)這種內(nèi)燃機與蒸汽機相比,機身小巧,可以瞬間啟動;而蒸汽機需要一定時間,等待儲水加熱到沸點。該句是由whereas連接的并列句;在前一個分句中包含and連接的兩個并列成分,而后一個分句中包含while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。5.Thereisanothercomplicationinthefactthatpetroleumisnotnearlysoevenlydistributedascoalis.(Para.14)還有另一種復(fù)雜情況,即石油的分布不如煤的分布均勻。該句的主句是T
7、hereisanothercomplicationinthefact,that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句,補充說明fact的內(nèi)容。6.Kuwait,forinstance,whichisasmallnationattheheadofthePersianGulf,withanareaonlythree-fourthsthatofMassachusettsandapopulationofabouthalfamillion,possessesaboutone-fifthofalltheknownpetroleu
8、mreservesintheworld.(Para.15)例如,位于波斯灣岬角處的科威特,面積只有麻省的3/4那么大,人口只有50萬,卻擁有世界已知石油儲量的1/5。該句為簡單句,主語為Kuwait,謂語possesses,賓語aboutone-fifthofalltheknownpetroleumreservesintheworld。forinstance為插入語,舉例說明;whichisasmallnationattheheadofthePersianGulf是一個由which