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1、第八章化學(xué)致癌作用ChemicalCarcinogenesis1、Therearemorethan100typesofcancers;anypartofthebodycanbeaffected.2、In2005,7.6millionpeoplediedofcancer-13%ofthe58milliondeathsworldwide.3、Morethan70%ofallcancerdeathsoccurinlowandmiddleincomecountries.4、Worldwide,the5mos
2、tcommontypesofcancerthatkillmenare(inorderoffrequency):lung,stomach,liver,colorectalandoesophagus.10factsaboutcancer10factsaboutcancer5、Worldwide,the5mostcommontypesofcancerthatkillwomenare(intheorderoffrequency):breast,lung,stomach,colorectalandcervic
3、al.6、Tobaccouseisthesinglelargestpreventablecauseofcancerintheworld.7、Onefifthofallcancersworldwidearecausedbyachronicinfection,forexamplehumanpapillomavirus(HPV)causescervicalcancerandhepatitisBvirus(HBV)causeslivercancer.8、Athirdofcancerscouldbecured
4、ifdetectedearlyandtreatedadequately.9、Allpatientsinneedofpainreliefcouldbehelpedifcurrentknowledgeaboutpaincontrolandpalliativecarewereapplied.10、40%ofcancercouldbeprevented,mainlybynotusingtobacco,havingahealthydiet,beingphysicallyactiveandpreventingi
5、nfectionsthatmaycausecancer.10factsaboutcancerBasedonprojections,cancerdeathswillcontinuetorisewithanestimated9millionpeopledyingfromcancerin2015,and11.4milliondyingin2030.TheConstitutionofCausesofDeath(USA，2000)CausesofdeathMale（%）Female（%）Diseaseofth
6、ecirculatorysystem37.1941.09Malignantneoplasms24.2921.78Diabetesmetllitus2.633.08Accidentsandadverseeffects5.542.91Mentaldisorders1.502.31Infectiousandparasiticdisease2.702.22others26.1526.611957、1984、1999、2004年我國城市主要疾病死因構(gòu)成比及死因順位順位1957198419992004死因比例(
7、%)死因比例(%)死因比例(%)死因比例（%）1呼吸系統(tǒng)16.86心臟病22.65腦血管病22.28惡性腫瘤27.232傳染病7.93腦血管病21.13惡性腫瘤21.66腦血管病18.473肺結(jié)核7.51惡性腫瘤21.11心臟病16.37心臟病17.234消化系統(tǒng)7.31呼吸系統(tǒng)8.79呼吸系統(tǒng)15.28呼吸系統(tǒng)12.775心臟病6.61消化系統(tǒng)4.32意外傷害6.52損傷中毒6.56第一節(jié)化學(xué)致癌物及其分類一、Definitions:chemicalcarcinogenAcarcinogenisa
8、nagentwhoseadministrationtopreviouslyuntreatedanimalsleadstoastatisticallysignificantincreasedincidenceofneoplasmsofoneormorehistogenetictypesascomparedwiththeincidenceinappropriateuntreatedanimals.化學(xué)致癌物能引起動物和人類腫瘤，增加其發(fā)病率或死亡率的化合物。chemica
