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1、外文翻譯原文LogisticsasanactivitycatalyzingtheeconomyMaterialSource:http://www.idees.net/Author:JoaquimCoelloItistruethattheessence,thestructureandtheconsequencesoftheeconomicactivityoflogisticsarenotatallwellknown.Ithasgreatdefendersandcritics,whoonmanyoccasionsuseitwithpartialar
2、gumentsandoftenbiasedinfavouroforagainstthethesesthattheyupholdoroppose.Itistruethatlogisticsisanessentialandgrowingneedforindustryandacentralelementoftrade,buteconomicadvantagesandvaluecreationcanbederivedfromthisactivitywhichgobeyondtheaccessoryandcomplementaryactivitywhic
3、honemayatfirstsightthinkthatlogisticsrepresentsfortradeandindustry.Expliciteconomicadvantagesarenotderivedfromaroadorarailwaypassingthroughaterritory,rathertheopposite,butclearadvantagesarederivedfromalltheintermodalnuclei,thatistosayfromthechangeoftransportsystem,becauseval
4、uecanbeaddedtotheprocessandthereforerelatedeconomicactivitiescanbederived.Aportisessentially,althoughnotinallcases,anintermodalitynodule:thegoodschangefromlandtoseatransport,orviceversa.Theexceptionisthoseportsinwhichtheintermodalityisonlymaritime,thatistosaythecargoistransf
5、erredfromatransoceanicvesseltoacabotagevessel.Theseports,GioiaTauro,Tangier-MedandAlgecirasintheMediterranean,havethecommoncharacteristicthattheyareclosetothemainshippinglines,inthiscasePortSaid-Gibraltar,andthattheyhavealmostnoeffectfortheterritorywheretheyaresituatedbecaus
6、eeverythingarrivesandleavesbyseaandthereisnoperceptibleeconomiceffectontheterritory.Buttheportswithachangeoftransportsystem,withrealintermodality,haveascommoncharacteristicsthattheyaresituatedaroundbigcities,populationnucleiandimportantcentresofeconomicactivity,creatingaroun
7、dthemcentresforprocessing,manufactureanddistribution.InEuropethefourmainportsareinHamburg,Antwerp,RotterdamandBremen,andtheyareallatthemouthsofmajorrivers-theElbe,Scheldt,RhineandWeser-andtheyareallsituatedincentreswithhighurbandensitywith8complicationsforcommunications,acce
8、ssandavailabilityofspacewhichtheactivitiesofstocking,warehousing,distributi
