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1、中國板栗生殖生物學(xué)研究進(jìn)展摘要:果樹生殖生物學(xué)研究是果樹栽培生理和遺傳學(xué)研究的重要內(nèi)容之一,瞭解並掌握果樹生殖生物學(xué)特性對(duì)於果樹遺傳研究與品種改良具有積極的指導(dǎo)意義。作為我國重要的幹果之一,迄今,已經(jīng)對(duì)板栗的生殖生物學(xué)特性進(jìn)行瞭大量研究,掌握瞭其授粉結(jié)實(shí)特性,揭示瞭花芽分化過程以及內(nèi)源激素等對(duì)花器官發(fā)育的調(diào)控機(jī)制,探明瞭授粉受精、營養(yǎng)元素及有性生殖過程中胚胎發(fā)育異常等因素與板栗空苞的相關(guān)性,雄性不育研究也取得瞭初步進(jìn)展。根據(jù)板栗生殖生物學(xué)研究取得的成果,本文從花特性、花芽分化、開花授粉生物學(xué)特性以及板栗空苞現(xiàn)象等方面進(jìn)行瞭概述,重點(diǎn)總結(jié)瞭板栗花芽分化與花性別分化
2、及其機(jī)理、板栗空苞及其發(fā)生機(jī)理,以及板栗雄性不育等方面的研究進(jìn)展。並根據(jù)目前的研究現(xiàn)狀,對(duì)該領(lǐng)域今後的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行瞭展望關(guān)鍵詞:板栗;生殖生物學(xué);空苞;花芽分化;雄性不中圖分類號(hào):S664?2文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):1009?9980?穴20117B06?1063?08AdvanceinresearchonreproductionbiologyinCastaneamollissimmaLIUGuo-bin,LANYan-ping*,CAOJun(InstituteofAgriculturalIntegratedDevelopment,BeijingAcademy
3、ofAgricultureandForestrySciences,Beijing100097China)Abstract:Reproductivebiologyoffruittreeisacrucialpartofcultivationphysiologyandgeneticresearch.Understandingthecharacteristicsoffruittreereproductivebiologyprovidesawindowforgeneticresearchandcultivarimprovement.Castaneamollissimma,
4、asoneofChina'simportantdriedfruits,sofar,hasdonealotonitsreproductivecharacteristics?Thestudiesinterpretthenatureofpollination,flowerbuddifferentiationandendogenoushormoneactionduringflowerorgandevelopment.Andthesealsoperceivetherelationshipbetweenabnormalembryodevelopmentandtheempty
5、shellofchestnutatdifferentcaseofpollinationandfertilization,nutrient,abnormalembryodevelopmentandsexualreproduction.Aninitialprogresshasalsobeenmadeinmalesterility.Thepaperfeaturesfromflowers,flowerbuddifferentiation,floweringandpollinationbiologycharacteristicsofchestnutandotheraspe
6、ctsofthephenomenonofemptyshell,alsogivesanoverviewsummaryoftheflowerbuddifferentiationandfocusonsexdifferentiationanditsmechanism,chestnutemptyshellandprinciple,andresearchadvanceaboutmalesterility.Basedonthecurrentresearchstatus,futuretrendsinthisfieldwerediscussed.Keywords:Castanea
7、mollissimma;Reproductionbiology;Empty-shell;Flowerbuddifferentiation;Male-sterility板栗(CastaneamollissimaBlume)屬於殼鬥科(Fagacea)栗屬(Castanea),該屬植物世界上約有10餘個(gè)種口],也有7個(gè)種之說[2]。板栗及其近緣種錐栗(C.henryiRehd.&Wils.茅栗(C.sequiniiDode)為我國特有,此外還有分佈於歐洲的歐洲栗(C.sativaMill.),分佈於北美的美洲栗[C.dentate(Marsh.)Brokh.閑美洲
8、榛果栗(C.pumila