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1、正在消失的胡同文化資料一：Hutongs(simplifiedChinese:胡同;traditionalChinese:衚衕;pinyin:hútòng)areatypeofnarrowstreetsoralleys,mostcommonlyassociatedwithBeijing,China.InBeijing,hutongsarealleysformedbylinesofsiheyuan,traditionalcourtyardresidences.[1]Manyneighbourhoodswereformedbyjoiningonesiheyuantoanothert
2、oformahutong,andthenjoiningonehutongtoanother.Thewordhutongisalsousedtorefertosuchneighbourhoods.Sincethemid-20thcentury,thenumberofBeijinghutongshasdroppeddramaticallyastheyaredemolishedtomakewayfornewroadsandbuildings.Morerecently,somehutongshavebeendesignatedasprotectedareasinanattempttop
3、reservethisaspectofChineseculturalhistory.HistoricalhutongsAtypicalcourtyardofaHutong.OntherooftheownerkeepshispigeonsDuringChina’sdynasticperiod,emperorsplannedthecityofBeijingandarrangedtheresidentialareasaccordingtothesocialclassesoftheZhouDynasty(1027-256BC).Theterm"hutong",originallymea
4、ning"waterwells",[2]appearedfirstduringtheYuanDynasty,anditisbelievedtobeatermofMongollanguageorigin.[2]IntheMingDynasty(early15thcentury)thecenterwastheForbiddenCity,surroundedinconcentriccirclesbytheInnerCityandOuterCity.Citizensofhighersocialstatuswerepermittedtoliveclosertothecenterofthe
5、circles[citationneeded].Aristocratslivedtotheeastandwestoftheimperialpalace.Thelargesiheyuanofthesehigh-rankingofficialsandwealthymerchantsoftenfeaturedbeautifullycarvedandpaintedroofbeamsandpillarsandcarefullylandscapedgardens.Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly,linedbyspacioushomesandwalledgar
6、dens.Fartherfromthepalace,andtoitsnorthandsouth,werethecommoners,merchants,artisans,andlaborers.Theirsiheyuanwerefarsmallerinscaleandsimplerindesignanddecoration,andthehutongswerenarrower.[citationneeded]Nearlyallsiheyuanhadtheirmainbuildingsandgatesfacingsouthforbetterlighting;thusamajority
7、ofhutongsrunfromeasttowest.Betweenthemainhutongs,manytinylanesrannorthandsouthforconvenientpassage.[citationneeded]Historically,ahutongwasalsoonceusedasthelowestlevelofadministrativegeographicaldivisionswithinacityinancientChina,asinthepaifang(牌坊)s
