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1、品質(zhì)能力與事業(yè)策略之概念性配適模式張世佳I賀力行2I銘傳大學(xué)企業(yè)管理學(xué)系臺(tái)北市中山北路五段25()號(hào)Tel:02-29334420Fax:0229343312E-mail:c2819@ms29.hinet.net2中華大學(xué)工業(yè)工程與管理研究所新竹市東香里六鄰東香30號(hào)Tel:03-5374281ext7701Fax:03-5374281ext7700卓越的產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)對(duì)於企業(yè)創(chuàng)造或維持市場(chǎng)優(yōu)勢(shì)地位之重要貢獻(xiàn)性,正引發(fā)企業(yè)決策者之關(guān)注,因而促使廠商積極投入各項(xiàng)品質(zhì)管理活動(dòng),以提昇其市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)之成功性。然而廠商透過(guò)品質(zhì)管理活動(dòng)所發(fā)展或擁有的品質(zhì)能力優(yōu)勢(shì),若無(wú)法納入整體事業(yè)策略運(yùn)用的一部份,則其從
2、事之品質(zhì)管理活動(dòng)將是徒勞無(wú)功的(SamsonandSohal1990);Garvin(1984a,1984b,1987)認(rèn)為品質(zhì)能力係多元構(gòu)面體,廠商應(yīng)具備或發(fā)展適當(dāng)?shù)钠焚|(zhì)構(gòu)面優(yōu)勢(shì),支持其策略目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)之定位與需求,才能對(duì)績(jī)效之表現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生正面助益性;換言之,廠商應(yīng)以其所具備之品質(zhì)能力優(yōu)勢(shì),作為制定或採(cǎi)行事業(yè)策略之基礎(chǔ),才能確保市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)之優(yōu)勢(shì)性,因此本研究的主要目的,在於探討品質(zhì)能力與不同事業(yè)策略類型之配適關(guān)係;其中品質(zhì)能力係指廠商在產(chǎn)品之高功能(performance)品質(zhì)、獨(dú)特功能(feature)品質(zhì)、可靠度(reliability)品質(zhì)、低不良率品質(zhì)、造型美(aesthetics)品
3、質(zhì)、售後服務(wù)品質(zhì)及顧客認(rèn)知(perceived)品質(zhì)等構(gòu)面,相較於主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手之強(qiáng)弱勢(shì)表現(xiàn),此定義係採(cǎi)Garvin(1984a,1984b,1987)剖析八個(gè)品質(zhì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)構(gòu)面之點(diǎn)而來(lái)。本研究首先整合Porter(1985).MaidiqueandPatch(1980)及MilesandSnow(1978)學(xué)者們對(duì)事業(yè)策略分類之不同理論觀點(diǎn),發(fā)展一整合性事業(yè)策略分類架構(gòu),而將事業(yè)策略類型區(qū)分為先制策略、差異化一跟隨策略及成本化一跟隨策略,並建立品質(zhì)能力與關(guān)鍵詞:品質(zhì)能力、事業(yè)策略FittingModelofQualityCapabilitieswithBusinessStrategy-ACo
4、nceptualFrameworkShih-ChiaChang1Li-HsingHo21DepartmentofBusinessAdministration,Ming-ChuanUniversity2InstituteofIndustrialEngineeringandManagement,Chung-HuaUniversityAbstractDuetothecontributionofsuperiorproductqualityoncreatingandsustainingcompetitiveadvantageinspiresanddecisionmakerswithefforts
5、toimplementthequalityimprovementprogramsinordertoenhancethesuccessinthemarketplace.Effortstoformulateandimplementthequalityimprovementprogramswillbewastediftheadvantageofproductqualitywhichfirmsownedisnotmakeanintegralpartofthebusinessstrategy(SamsonandSohal,1990).AccordingtotheviewofGarvin,s(19
6、84a,1984b,1987)worksindicatedthatqualityismultidimensionalcapabilitiesandappearsinmanydifferentforms.Afirmshouldownanddevelopasmallnumberofqualitydimensionsthatcanmatchwiththeneedsofitschosentargetmarketbasedonbusinessstrategywhichadopted?Inotherwords,firmsmustadopttheirbusinessstrategiesbasedon
7、theiradvantageofqualitydimensionsinordertosatisfytheneedsofnichemarketandsecurethemarketsuccess.Thepurposeofthisstudyistoexplorethefittingrelationshipbetweenbusinessstrategywiththeadvantageofqualitycapabilitiescomprisesperfo