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1、外文翻譯原文Walls,thewallsofthetownandtourism:paradoxandparadigmMaterialSource:JournalofHeritageTourismAuthor:GregoryandDavidTheparadoxicalrelationshipbetweentouristsandtownwallsisexaminedinthewidercontextofthewalledtowntourism.Suchtownsmaybeparadigmcasesforhist
2、orictownsasattractionsforheritage,urbanandculturaltourismamongthe‘flowsandscapes’ofdelocatedglobaltourism.Widelydistributedacrossthe‘old’worldandextanteveninthe‘new’,townwallscanbeseenasthegrimbarriersbetweencontestedidentitiesorastheemblemsofthepeacefulse
3、curityofthetownwithin.ThepaperdrawsonmaterialgatheredaspartofaEuropeanInterregIIIcnetworkproject–‘ARCHWAY’.Walledtownsandrelatedmonumentsrepresentnearly20%ofthe890-strong2009worldheritagelistandhalfthe‘ARCHWAY’townshaveworldheritagestatusoraspirations.Tome
4、ettheeconomicandurbanplanningchallenges,walledtownshavedevelopedarangeofoptionsforsuccessin,orforsurviving,tourism.ExamplesfromacrossEuropeandbeyondarecriticallyappraisedinthelightoftheliteratureofhistoricandheritagetowntourism.Ashistorictownswithobvioussi
5、gnsofpastconflict,walledtownspointthewaytoexaminingurbanheritagetourismwithde-romanticisedvision.Keywords:heritage;urbanheritage;visitormanagement;wallsIntroductionTherelationshipbetweentouristsandtownwallsiscurious,paradoxicalandproblematic.Thispaperhighl
6、ightsthecuriosities,investigatestheparadoxes,outlinestheproblemsoftownwallsbutalsoexplorestheopportunitiespresentedbythe‘relativelyclosedsettlements’(asWeber,1921,p.1,definedtowns)within.Itexploreshowsuchtownsmaybeparadigmcases,orexemplars,forallhistoricto
7、wnsasattractionsforheritage,urbanandculturaltourismamongthe‘flowsandscapes’ofdelocatedglobaltourism.Thereareanumberofdifferentoptionsavailablefortourismorotherdevelopmentbaseduponthisheritageresource.Thismaybeastrueforthetownssurroundedbyhigh‘mediaeval’(pr
8、e-artilleryorignoringartillery)asinthecasefor‘scientific’modernistfortifiedtowns–post-artillery,post-fifteenthcentury(Bruce&Creighton,2006).Townwalls,anddefunctmilitaryarchitectureingeneral,haveanumberofadvan
