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1、外文翻譯LogisticsMaterialSource:ProfessionalandAppliedComputing,Dec.2009Author:Hans-J?rgBullingerThetermlogisticscanbeusedtodescribetheplanning,execution,designandcontrolofallmaterialandinformationflowsbetweenacompanyanditssuppliers,allin-houseflows,andtheflowsbetweenacompanyanditscustom
2、ers.Putsimply,logisticsensuresthattherightquantityoftherightgoods,withtherightlevelofquality,arriveattherightlocationattherighttime-andatthelowestpossiblecost.Logisticsnotonlycoversthecontroloftransport,transshipmentandwarehousingprocesses,butalsoservicessuchascustomisedpackaging,ass
3、embly,datastorageandinformationmanagementthatprovidevalueaddedtothelogisticsprocess.Asoutsourcingisbecomingincreasinglycommonincertainsectors,theuseofvalue-addedchainsisgrowingallovertheworld.Thesupplychainhasthereforedevelopedintoanextremelycomplexdeliverynetworkrequiringahighlevelo
4、ftransparency,planning,trackingandcontrol.Logisticsisdividedintosub-systemssuchasprocurementlogistics(fromthesuppliertothereceivingwarehouse),distributionlogistics(fromthedistributionwarehousetothecustomer)andintralogistics(in-houseprocesses).Trafficlogistics.Trafficlogisticscanbesee
5、nasthelinkbetweenacompany’spurchasingandsalesmarkets.Trafficlogisticsisthemovementofgoodsorpeopletotheirdestinationsbyroad,rail,airandwater.Thisessentiallycoverstheplanningandoptimisationoftrafficsystemswithregardtothedesignoftransportchains,roadsanddistributionstructuresforfreighttr
6、affic,andthestudyofpublictransportsystemsforpassengers.Agoodexampleisthenewdistributionstructureforgoodswhereacentralwarehousesuppliesseveralregionalwarehouses.Order-picking.Inthepast,goodsweregenerallypickedfrompick-lists,i.e.orderlistsforeachpickingprocess,whichtoldthepickerhowmany
7、productswereneededforaspecificconsignment.Theinherentcapacityforpickerstoreadthelistsincorrectlymadethisprocedureextremelypronetoerror.Today,thequantitiesandlocationsofsmallpartsarespecified,forexample,bylightsignalsoracousticsignalsand,incomparisonwiththetraditionalmethod,thesetechn
8、iqueshavesig
