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1、PD360.665家庭計(jì)劃政策和項(xiàng)目PD360.665FAMILYPLANNINGPOLICIESANDPROGRAMS政策個(gè)案硏究:伊朗,中國(guó)和印度PolicyCaseStudies-Iran,ChinaandIndiaW?HenryMosley伊朗Iran家庭計(jì)劃在1967年由伊朗國(guó)王巴拉維ShahRezaPahlavi引入,成功程度只是一般;到了1979年伊朗革命,成立伊斯蘭共和國(guó)‘家庭計(jì)劃大受打擊。革命初期,政策是鼓勵(lì)生育,但伊斯蘭政權(quán)幾年後改變主意,其後的政策和策略令伊朗的家庭計(jì)劃成爲(wèi)開發(fā)中國(guó)家最成功項(xiàng)目之一。伊朗的經(jīng)驗(yàn)'說(shuō)明技術(shù)專家可以和宗教當(dāng)局合作,發(fā)展
2、一套適合當(dāng)?shù)匚幕尘暗挠?jì)劃,雖然有所局限,但爲(wèi)人們普遍接受。FamilyplanninginIranwasinitiallyintroducedbyShahRezaPahlaviin1967andwasmoderatelysuccessful,butsufferedaseveresetbackwiththerevolutionandestablishmentoftheIslamicRepublicin1979.Initialpost-revolutionarypolicieswerepronatalist,butoverthenextfewyears,theIslam
3、icregimerevisedtheirviewsandputinplacepoliciesandstrategiesthathavenowproducedoneofthemostsuccessfulfamilyplanningprogramsinthedevelopingworld.Iranprovidesavaluablestudyofhowtechnicalexpertscanworkwithreligiousauthoritiestodevelopaprogramthat,whilestillhavingsomelimitations,isappropriat
4、etothelocalculturalcontextandthereforewidelyaccepted?耍深思的問(wèn)題:Questionsforreflection:1.有什麼因素令新成立的伊斯蘭政權(quán)推翻市巴拉維國(guó)王建立的家庭計(jì)劃項(xiàng)口?1?WhatfactorscontributedtotheinitialrejectionbythenewIslamicregimeofthefamilyplanningprogramestablishedbyShahPahlavi?2.比較巴拉維國(guó)王和新政權(quán)的發(fā)展方向?2Contrastthedevelopmentapproachof
5、ShahPahlaviwiththatofthenewregime.3「預(yù)算和計(jì)劃組織」的技術(shù)專家採(cǎi)用了那兩項(xiàng)策略來(lái)建立對(duì)家庭計(jì)劃的共識(shí)?討論是如何被帶到群眾?3.WhatwerethetwostrategiesofthetechnicalexpertsintheBudgetandPlanningOrganizationtobuildaconsensusforfamilyplanningandhowwasthedebatebroughttopublicattention?4?「伊斯蘭人口政策」有那些主要因素?是否適合非伊斯蘭國(guó)家或爲(wèi)其接受?請(qǐng)說(shuō)明正反理由。1.What
6、werethemajorelementsofthe'IslamicPopulationPolicy”?Wouldthispolicybeacceptable/appropriateforanon-Islamiccountry?Whyorwhynot?2.人口政策和家庭計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目是如何向全國(guó)傳播?5.Howwasthepopulationpolicyandfamilyplanningprogramdisseminatednationally?China(Greenhalgh的引言)「-1978-83年間…剛召開歷史性的十一大三中全會(huì)之後,國(guó)家的焦點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化…人口
7、成爲(wèi)屮國(guó)科學(xué)的關(guān)鍵議題,受屮國(guó)管治長(zhǎng)期關(guān)注。這六年間,人口科學(xué)重生'創(chuàng)立一孩政策'以大規(guī)模的結(jié)紮運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)嚴(yán)丿萬(wàn)推行政策,爲(wèi)中國(guó)農(nóng)村人口帶來(lái)意想不到的政治和身心後果,令中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人不能容忍,因而大力重整政策執(zhí)行(Greenhalgh1986)。在這篇文章中,我探究這大事故的一小部份'但是極爲(wèi)重要的部份:科學(xué)性建構(gòu)中閾人口問(wèn)題和最佳政治解決辦法?!梗?65頁(yè))(FromtheintroductionbyGreenhalgh)“...intheyears1978-83....justafterthehistoricthirdplenumoftheparty's