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1、第31卷2010矩第6期6月航空學(xué)報(bào)ACTAAERoNAUTlCAETASTRONAUTICASlNICAV01.31NO.6June2010文章編號(hào):1000—6893(2010)06—1106—09旋翼槳一渦干擾氣動(dòng)特性計(jì)算及參數(shù)影響研究史勇杰,招啟軍,徐國(guó)華(南京航空航天大學(xué)直升機(jī)旋翼動(dòng)力學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,江蘇南京210016)NumericalCalculationandParametricStudyofAerodynamicsofRotorBlade-vortexInteractionShiYongjie,ZhaoQijun,XuGuohua(NationalKeyLa
2、boratoryofRotorcraftAeromechanics,NanjingUniversityofAeronauticsandAstronautics,Nanjing210016,China)摘要:建立了一個(gè)適用于旋翼槳一渦干擾(BVI)氣動(dòng)特性分析的數(shù)值方法。在該方法中,控制方程采用慣性坐標(biāo)系下的非定常Euler方程,以適合于分析BVI流場(chǎng)的特點(diǎn);為便于前飛流場(chǎng)分區(qū)求解和信息傳遞,使用了嵌套網(wǎng)格方法;對(duì)于流場(chǎng)中渦線的模擬,建立了一種適用于有限體積格式的渦引入方法——廣義網(wǎng)格速度法,以簡(jiǎn)化計(jì)算。應(yīng)用上述方法對(duì)旋翼BVI流場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了計(jì)算,并與可得到的試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證了方
3、法的有效性。通過(guò)對(duì)比槳葉弦向位置壓強(qiáng)的變化得出,在旋翼BVI過(guò)程中,氣動(dòng)載荷主要來(lái)自槳葉10%弦長(zhǎng)內(nèi)的前緣部分的壓強(qiáng)突變。文中還進(jìn)一步分析了渦強(qiáng)、干擾距離和干擾角度對(duì)BVI氣動(dòng)特性的影響。本文的BVI數(shù)值計(jì)算表明:當(dāng)渦接近槳葉前緣時(shí),升力達(dá)到最大;而渦位于后緣位置時(shí),誘導(dǎo)速度改變槳葉環(huán)量分布,破壞了后緣的庫(kù)塔條件,但隨著渦的遠(yuǎn)離,槳葉表面環(huán)量開(kāi)始重構(gòu)。關(guān)鍵詞:槳一渦干擾;廣義網(wǎng)格速度法;Euler方程;嵌套網(wǎng)格;旋翼;直升機(jī)中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):V2兒.52文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:AAbstract:Anumericalmethodformodelingtheaerodynamicsofblade-v
4、ortexinteraction(BVI)isdevelopedwhichadoptstheunsteadyEulerequationsininertialcoordinatesystemstOcapturethefeaturesoftherotorBVIflowandusestheoversetgridtechniquetOrealizemulti—gonesolutionandinformationexchangeinforwardflight.Toincorporatetheeffectofthevortexinthesolution,aneffectiveapproach
5、,calledthe“generalizedgrid—velocityapproach’’ispresentedtOsimplifycomputation.NumericalexamplesontherotorBVIflowfieldareperformedbythismethod,andacomparisonofthecalculatedresultswithavailableexperimentaldatademonstratsitsvalidity.Bycomparingthepressurevariationsforvariouschordlocations,itissh
6、ownthattheBVIloadingismainlycausedbythehighrateofchangeofthepressurewithin10%oftheleadingedge.Fur-thermore,additionalcalculationsarecarriedOuttOanalyzetheeffectofvortexstrength,missdistanceandin—teractionangleontheaerodynamiccharacteristicsofBVI.Thepresentinvestigationindicatesthatliftreaches
7、itsmaximumwhenthevortexpositionisslightlyupstreamoftheleadingedgeoftheairfoil,andthatthecircu—lationonthebladesurfacesuitableforthetrailing-edgeKuttaconditionisalteredbytheinducedvelocityofthevortexpassingthetrailingedge,butitstartstObere-est