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1、第31卷2010焦第6期6月航空學(xué)報(bào)ACTAAERONAUTICAETASTRONAUTICASINICAV01.31No.6June2010文章編號(hào):1000-6893(2010)06—1204—09極弱信號(hào)環(huán)境下GPS位同步和載波跟蹤技術(shù)趙琳,丁繼成,孫明,舒宇(哈爾濱工程大學(xué)自動(dòng)化學(xué)院,黑龍江哈爾濱150001)BitSynchronizationandCarrierTrackingforVeryWeakGPSSignalsZhaoLin,DingJieheng,SunMing,ShuYu(CollegeofAutomation,Har
2、binEngineeringUniversity,Harbin150001,China)摘要:為解決環(huán)路未鎖定、無(wú)法找出正確的導(dǎo)航數(shù)據(jù)位跳變點(diǎn)時(shí)極弱全球定位系統(tǒng)(GPS)信號(hào)跟蹤問(wèn)題,通過(guò)分析信號(hào)跟蹤模型和相關(guān)器lms采樣數(shù)據(jù)特性,將最優(yōu)路徑動(dòng)態(tài)規(guī)劃算法應(yīng)用于GPS位同步,并提出基于平方根無(wú)跡卡爾曼濾波(SRUKF)和位同步結(jié)合的載波聯(lián)合跟蹤算法。建立了適合位同步的SRUKF載波環(huán)參數(shù)估計(jì)模型,針對(duì)位同步的實(shí)現(xiàn)條件和無(wú)相位頻率先驗(yàn)信息的情況,將位同步模塊提前,研究設(shè)計(jì)了環(huán)路未鎖定時(shí)串行和并行兩種弱信號(hào)跟蹤方案。位同步跟蹤完成后環(huán)路采用單獨(dú)的S
3、RUKF工作方式。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證實(shí)該文提出的算法具有較高的數(shù)據(jù)位邊緣檢測(cè)概率(EDR)和參數(shù)估計(jì)性能,而無(wú)須關(guān)心環(huán)路是否處于鎖定狀態(tài),能夠?qū)d噪比低至22dB/Hz的弱信號(hào)實(shí)現(xiàn)跟蹤。關(guān)鍵詞:全球定位系統(tǒng);位同步;最優(yōu)路徑動(dòng)態(tài)規(guī)劃;平方根無(wú)跡卡爾曼濾波;弱信號(hào);載波跟蹤中圖分類號(hào):V249.3;TP391.9文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:AAbstract:Toimplementveryweakglobalpositioningsystem(GPS)signaltrackingwhenthetrackingloopisunlockedanddatabitedgeis
4、unknown,thisarticleanalyzesGPSsignaltrackingmodelsandoutputcharacter—izationofcorrelatorsin1msintervals.DynamicprogrammingalgorithmisappliedforGPSbitsynehroniza-tion.Inaddition,twocombinationcarriertrackingschemesareproposedbasedonsquarerootunscentedKal—manfiltering(SRUKF)a
5、nddesignedbitsynchronizationmodule,bothofwhicharedesignedforverylowcar-tiertOnoiseratio(CNR)signals.Tosatisfythebitsynchronizationoperabilityandrealizeweaksignaltrack-ing,aspecialSRUKFerrortrackingmodelisestablishedandbitsynchronizationmoduleisperformedinad-vance.TheSRUKFwo
6、rksaloneafterbitsynchronization.Thetestingresultsindicatethatthemethodscansuccessfullydetectbitedgepositionwithhighparametricestimationwhetherornotthetrackingloopislocked.WhenCNRdecreasestO22dB/Hz,thecO-operationaltrackingschemeisstillabletOperform.Keywords:globalpositionin
7、gsystem;bitsynchronization;optimalpathdynamicprogramming;squarerootunscentedKalmanfiltering;weaksignal;carriertracking在無(wú)線設(shè)備定位、室內(nèi)、隧道、高軌衛(wèi)星等應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域,由于特殊的應(yīng)用環(huán)境,載噪比C/N。低于35dB/Hz的微弱全球定位系統(tǒng)(GPS)信號(hào)十分常見[1],對(duì)其進(jìn)行信號(hào)處理一直是近年來(lái)接收機(jī)技術(shù)研究的熱點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。極弱信號(hào)的跟蹤要求環(huán)路增加相關(guān)積分時(shí)間以盡可能地提高信噪比(SNR),同時(shí)采取一定的措施減小跟蹤誤差。對(duì)于采
8、用擴(kuò)頻調(diào)制的GPSL1信號(hào),積分上限為導(dǎo)航電文周期——20ms[引,在電文數(shù)據(jù)位邊緣未知的情況下,弱信號(hào)的順利跟蹤需要通過(guò)位同步來(lái)避免環(huán)路積分時(shí)間跨越電文數(shù)據(jù)位邊緣