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1、327Cha,pter1212.1a)Codes:1-+SouthY~sDemocratYesY.eso-+non-SouthNoRepub1icanNoNoe.g.Reagan-Cart~r:i0a+d=3/5=6011otP.o22PairCoefficient(a+d)lpR-C.6R-F.4R-N.6R-JoR-K.6C-FoC-N.2C-J.4C-K.6F-N.8F-J.6F-K.4N-J.4N-K;6J-K.432812.1b)CoefficientRankOr?~r3123Pair12R-C.6.75.4294.
2、54.'54.5101010R-F.4.571.25R-N.6.75.4294.54.54.514.514.514.5R-J000R-K.6.75.4294.54.54.5C-F0014.514.514.50C-N.2.333.11113.1313101010C-J.4.571.254:54.5C-K.6.75.4294.5.8.889.667111F-NF-J.6.75.4294.54.54.5.25101010F-K.4.571101010N-J.4.571.254.5H-K.6.75.4294.54.5.25101010
3、J-K.4.57112.2CoefficientRankOrder567Pair567.5.2999R-C.3330141414R-F00.5.2999R-N.333R-J000141414.5.2999R-K.333C-F000141414C-N.2.333.111121212666C-J.4.571.25C-K.5.667.333333.8.5'111F-N.667333F-J.5.667.333.4.143111111F-K.2561i6N-J.4.571.25N-K.5.667.333333.256'66J-K.4.5
4、71i=(a+b)/p?Y=(a+c)/pr(x.-xP=(a+b)(1-(a+b)/p)2+(c+d)(O-(a+b)/pF=(e+d)(a+b)1pr(y._y)2=(a+c)(1-(a+cl/p)2+(b+d)(O-(a+el/p)2=(a+C)(b+d),Pr(x.-x)(y.-y)=r(x.y.-y.i-x.y+xy)l'1111=a_(a+c)(a+b)_(a+b)(a+c)+p(a+b)(a+c)ppp1=a(a+b+c+d)-~a+eHa+b)=ad-bepPTherefore(ad-bc)lp=ad-ber=
5、((c+dHa+b~~a+C)(b+dl)',((a+bHe+d)(a+c)(b+d))~330a+d=-,a+dc=c=12.4Letc,23(a+d)+2(b+c)p1thenc3=1+2(c;1_1)soe3increasesasc,increas.es2soczincreasesasc,increasesA1sotc2=c;1+,4Finally.Cz=c-1+3soCzincreasesasc3increases312.5a)Singlelinkage4(123)41234(12)310(12)0(123)-+Z(j
6、0-+3(D04(:oJ311zo434o4534oDendogram~J:i~1.r-i.2.'3'l33112.5b)CompleteLinkagec.)AverageLinkageDendoaramDendoaram10Se4~"32-Ll1-:i.1:::34~;l"3412.6DendogramsCompleteLinkage10,SingleLinkageAverageLinkagee(?4-.21.4:i5'3.1.4;2S'5.1.4:z!;-:3.Allthreemethodsprodueethesamehi
7、erarchicalarrangements.Item3issomewhatdifferentfromtheotheritems.12.7Treatingcorrelationsassimilaritycoefficients.wehave:'"iA3l.sSinglelinkageIiS45=.68Jrr-.,g,-'I'~i.w~S(45)1=max(S4!.S51)=.161I.S1.;rI5.(45)2=.32,S'(45)3=.18,andsoforth.ii..i-i--3~tj332Completelinkage
8、i2~4SS45=.68.c,g_,,1S(45)1=min(S41,S5i)=.12.'3S(45)2=.21,S(45)3=.15,andsoforth...Sl--S:e3.,~--1Bothmethodsarriveatnearlythesameclust.ering
