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1、UNIT15TheLandandthePeopleoftheDreaming澳大利亞是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的多民族國(guó)家。澳大利亞土著居民已經(jīng)在這片土地上生活了六萬(wàn)多年。養(yǎng)育了土著人的澳州大陸同時(shí)也滋養(yǎng)了土著文化，使其成為世界上最古老的文化之一。由于遠(yuǎn)離其他大陸，澳大利亞土著文化有自己的獨(dú)特之處，土著居民常被稱為夢(mèng)幻民族：夢(mèng)幻既是把他們聯(lián)系在一起的信條與紐帶，也是他們?nèi)粘１仨氉袷氐姆膳c規(guī)范。assimilation-thestateofbeingassimilated;peopleofdifferentbackgroundscometoseethemselvesaspartofalargern
2、ationalfamily民族同化民族同化是指一個(gè)民族在一定的歷史條件下,同化于另一個(gè)民族的現(xiàn)象。歷史上有兩種民族同化。一種是自然同化，指某一個(gè)民族在長(zhǎng)時(shí)期中受到另一個(gè)民族的影響，逐漸消失了本民族的特性，同化于另一個(gè)民族。這是歷史民展中自然的進(jìn)步的趨勢(shì)。另一種是強(qiáng)制同化，是指反動(dòng)統(tǒng)治者所衽的民族同化政策，如強(qiáng)制被壓迫民族接受統(tǒng)治民族的語(yǔ)言、文字、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，改變?cè)械拿褡逄匦?。ThePolicyofAssimilation (民族同化政策）Bythebeginningofthe20thcenturythepolicyofprotectionhadbeenreplacedbythepo
3、licyofassimilation.“Assimilation”wasfoundedonthebeliefthatthewhiteculturewastheprogressiveandsuperiorwhereastheDreamtimewasonlyaformofsuperstition.Childrenweretakenawayfromtheirparentstobeplacedinchurch-runinstitutionsandthemissionariesonthe“protectedreserves”setouttodestroythecultureoftheDrea
4、mingsandtoreplaceitwithChristianity.Asthechildrengrewtoadulthoodmanyofthemhadlostboththeirfamiliesandtheirculture.Theywereemployedasdomesticservantsoroncattlestationsbutwerepaidonlywithfoodandclothesorwithwagesthatwereonlyafractionofthosepaidtowhiteworkers.YoungAboriginalwomenwerecontinuallyat
5、riskofrapeonthereserves,institutions,andintheirplacesofemployment.Therewasamajorcontradictionunderlyingtheofficialrelationshipof“Assimiliation”.Whilstitofficiallymeantthatbothpeopleswouldbecomeasone,withtheAboriginalpeoplemergingintothelargerAustraliansocial,inpractice,assimiliationwasaccompan
6、iedbysegregation.wereexcludedfromthesocial,thepoliticalandtheworkinglifeofmainstreamAustralians.Theyhadunequalconditionsofentryintopublichouses,swimmingpoolsandcinemasandwereexcludedfrommainstreameducationandhealthservices.Thywerealsoexcludedfrommanyformsofemploymentandfromcitizenship:Aborigin
7、alpeoplecouldnotvote.Thedoubleloss,oftraditionalcultureandexclusionfrommainstreamAustraliansocietyandculture,ledtoAboriginalpeoplebeinglabelledlazy,stupidanddrunkenanddirty.Thiscombinationofexclusionarypracticesandculturalprejudicespara
