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1、函數(shù)函數(shù)函數(shù)函數(shù)3.2.3指數(shù)函數(shù)與對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的關(guān)系問(wèn)題1:指數(shù)函數(shù)y=ax與對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)y=logax(a>0,a≠1)有什么關(guān)系?稱這兩個(gè)函數(shù)互為反函數(shù)y=axx=logayy=logax指數(shù)換對(duì)數(shù)交換x,yy=3x+5交換x,y移項(xiàng)指數(shù)函數(shù)y=ax(a>0,a≠1)對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)y=logax(a>0,a≠1)反函數(shù)指數(shù)函數(shù)y=ax是對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)y=logax(a>0,a≠1)的反函數(shù)問(wèn)題2:觀察在同一坐標(biāo)系內(nèi)函數(shù)y=log2x與函數(shù)y=2x的圖像,分析它們之間的關(guān)系.函數(shù)y=log2x的圖像與函數(shù)y=2x的圖像關(guān)于直線y=x對(duì)稱(1,0)(0,1)Oxyy=log2xy=2xy=xP(b,a)Q(a
2、,b)函數(shù)y=f(x)的圖像和它的反函數(shù)的圖像關(guān)于直線y=x對(duì)稱..1.一一映射的函數(shù)才有反函數(shù)。2.對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)y=logax與指數(shù)函數(shù)y=ax互為反函數(shù)。3.互為反函數(shù)的圖象關(guān)于直線y=x對(duì)稱。4.函數(shù)y=f(x)的反函數(shù)通常用y=f-1(x)表示。注意:y=f-1(x)讀作:“f逆x”表示反函數(shù),不是-1次冪(倒數(shù))的意思例1寫出下列對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的反函數(shù):(1)y=lgx;解(1)y=10x(2)x、y互換得反函數(shù)x、y互換得反函數(shù)例2寫出下列指數(shù)函數(shù)的反函數(shù):(1)y=5x例3求函數(shù)y=3x-2(x>0)反函數(shù),并在同一直角坐標(biāo)系中作出函數(shù)及其反函數(shù)的圖象。解:由y=3x-2(x>-1)得(
3、y>-2)所以y=3x-2(x∈R)的反函數(shù)是(x>-2)y=3x-2經(jīng)過(guò)兩點(diǎn)(0,-2),(2/3,0)經(jīng)過(guò)兩點(diǎn)(-2,0),(0,2/3)做一做0xyy=3x-2y=x求函數(shù)反函數(shù)的步驟:3?求原函數(shù)的值域1?反解2?x與y互換4?寫出反函數(shù)及它的定義域b=f(a)a=f-1(b)點(diǎn)(b,a)在反函數(shù)y=f-1(x)的圖像上點(diǎn)(a,b)在函數(shù)y=f(x)的圖像上(1,0)(0,1)Oxyy=log2xy=2xy=xP(b,a)Q(a,b)結(jié)論:[例4]函數(shù)f(x)=loga(x-1)(a>0且a≠1)的反函數(shù)的圖象經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)(1,4),求a的值.解:依題意,原函數(shù)經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)(4,1)得b=f(a
4、)a=f-1(b)點(diǎn)(b,a)在反函數(shù)y=f-1(x)的圖像上點(diǎn)(a,b)在函數(shù)y=f(x)的圖像上b=f(a)a=f-1(b)點(diǎn)(b,a)在反函數(shù)y=f-1(x)的圖像上點(diǎn)(a,b)在函數(shù)y=f(x)的圖像上理論遷移例4已知函數(shù).(1)求函數(shù)f(x)的定義域和值域;(2)求證函數(shù)y=f(x)的圖象關(guān)于直線y=x對(duì)稱.