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1、指數(shù)函數(shù)與對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的關(guān)系問(wèn)題1:指數(shù)函數(shù)y=ax與對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)y=logax(a>0,a≠1)有什么關(guān)系?對(duì)應(yīng)法則互逆y=axx=logayy=logax指數(shù)換對(duì)數(shù)交換x,y指數(shù)函數(shù)y=ax與對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)x=logay(a>0,a≠1)有什么關(guān)系?函數(shù)自變量因變量定義域值域y=axxyR(0,+∞)x=logayyx(0,+∞)R稱(chēng)這兩個(gè)函數(shù)互為反函數(shù)對(duì)應(yīng)法則互逆指數(shù)函數(shù)y=ax是對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)x=logay(a>0,a≠1)的反函數(shù)指數(shù)函數(shù)y=ax(a>0,a≠1)對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)y=logax(a>0,a≠1)反函數(shù)觀察在同一坐標(biāo)系內(nèi)函數(shù)y=log2x與函數(shù)y=2x的圖像,分析它們之間的關(guān)系.函數(shù)y=log2
2、x的圖像與函數(shù)y=2x的圖像關(guān)于直線(xiàn)y=x對(duì)稱(chēng)(1,0)(0,1)Oxyy=log2xy=2xy=xP(a,b)Q(a,b)函數(shù)y=f(x)的圖像和它的反函數(shù)的圖像關(guān)于直線(xiàn)y=x對(duì)稱(chēng)1.當(dāng)一個(gè)函數(shù)是一一映射時(shí),可以把這個(gè)函數(shù)的因變量作為一個(gè)新的函數(shù)的自變量,而把這個(gè)函數(shù)的自變量作為新的函數(shù)的因變量,我們稱(chēng)這兩個(gè)函數(shù)互為反函數(shù)。2.對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)y=logax與指數(shù)函數(shù)y=ax互為反函數(shù),圖象關(guān)于直線(xiàn)y=x對(duì)稱(chēng)。3.函數(shù)y=f(x)的反函數(shù)通常用y=f-1(x)表示。注意:y=f-1(x)讀作:“f逆x”表示反函數(shù),不是-1次冪(倒數(shù))的意思例1寫(xiě)出下列對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的反函數(shù):(1)y=lgx;解(1)對(duì)
3、數(shù)函數(shù)y=lgx,它的底數(shù)是它的反函數(shù)是指數(shù)函數(shù)10y=10x(2)對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)它的底數(shù)是它的反函數(shù)是指數(shù)函數(shù)例2寫(xiě)出下列指數(shù)函數(shù)的反函數(shù):(1)y=5x解(1)指數(shù)函數(shù)y=5x,它的底數(shù)是5它的反函數(shù)是對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)y=log5x;(2)指數(shù)函數(shù),它的底數(shù)是,它的反函數(shù)是對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)練習(xí)1.說(shuō)出下列各組函數(shù)之間的關(guān)系:(1)y=10x和y=lgx;(2)y=2x和y=log2x;(3)y=ex和y=lnx.互為反函數(shù),定義域和值域互換,對(duì)應(yīng)法則互逆練習(xí)2.寫(xiě)出下列對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的反函數(shù):(1)y=log2.5x;(2)y=logπx;3.寫(xiě)出下列指數(shù)函數(shù)的反函數(shù):(1)y=4x;(2)y=1.4x;(1)y=
4、2.5x(2)y=πx(1)y=log4x(2)y=log1.4x例3 求函數(shù)y=3x-2(x∈R)反函數(shù),并在同一直角坐標(biāo)系中作出函數(shù)及其反函數(shù)的圖象。解:由y=3x-2(x∈R)得所以y=2x-1(x∈R)的反函數(shù)是(x∈R)y=3x-2 經(jīng)過(guò)兩點(diǎn)(0,-2),(2/3,0)經(jīng)過(guò)兩點(diǎn)(-2,0),(0,2/3)做一做0xyy=3x-2y=x想一想:函數(shù)y=3x-2的圖象和它的反函數(shù)的圖象之間有什么關(guān)系?求函數(shù)反函數(shù)的步驟:3?求原函數(shù)的值域1?反解2?x與y互換4?寫(xiě)出反函數(shù)及它的定義域b=f(a)a=f-1(b)點(diǎn)(b,a)在反函數(shù)y=f-1(x)的圖像上點(diǎn)(a,b)在函數(shù)y=f(x)
5、的圖像上(1,0)(0,1)Oxyy=log2xy=2xy=xP(b,a)Q(a,b)結(jié)論:[例4]函數(shù)f(x)=loga(x-1)(a>0且a≠1)的反函數(shù)的圖象經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)(1,4),求a的值.解:依題意,得b=f(a)a=f-1(b)點(diǎn)(b,a)在反函數(shù)y=f-1(x)的圖像上點(diǎn)(a,b)在函數(shù)y=f(x)的圖像上b=f(a)a=f-1(b)點(diǎn)(b,a)在反函數(shù)y=f-1(x)的圖像上點(diǎn)(a,b)在函數(shù)y=f(x)的圖像上理論遷移例4已知函數(shù).(1)求函數(shù)f(x)的定義域和值域;(2)求證函數(shù)y=f(x)的圖象關(guān)于直線(xiàn)y=x對(duì)稱(chēng).小結(jié)反函數(shù)的概念定義域和值域互換對(duì)應(yīng)法則互逆圖像關(guān)于直線(xiàn)y=x
6、對(duì)稱(chēng)指數(shù)函數(shù)y=ax(a>0,a≠1)與對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)y=logax(a>0,a≠1)互為反函數(shù)作業(yè)課本第106頁(yè)練習(xí)A組B組對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)y=logax(a>0,a≠1)指數(shù)函數(shù)y=ax(a>0,a≠1)(4)a>1時(shí),a越大圖像越靠近y軸01時(shí),a越大圖像越靠近x軸01時(shí),在R上是增函數(shù);01時(shí),在(0,+∞)是增函數(shù);07、義域:(0,+∞)(2)值域:Ry=ax(a>1)y=ax(01)y=logax(0