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1、IPA&KK對照表IPA:國際音標48個元音:20個,輔音:28個區(qū)別:1書寫形式的不同.如:i:(IPA)------i(K.K.)等.2.發(fā)音的個別不同.美式中加入卷舌音,而英式中沒有卷舌音.如?:(IPA)------?(K.K.)3.此表中在最末加上了幾個常見特殊的組合音標。備注類型發(fā)音口形發(fā)此音的字母或字母組合及例舉單詞IPAKK備注:輕松音簡寫“輕”,緊張音簡寫“緊”。舌抵下齒簡寫“↘”抵上齒“↗”。舌后縮簡寫“←”。發(fā)音口形主要是講解KK音標。*.雙元音(KK中稱雙母音)發(fā)音時要做到非常連貫。i:i緊,長衣,↘,面帶微笑
2、e,ee,ea,ie,yme,sea,piece,bee,lady前元音i?輕,短衣,↘,唇微張開i,y,esit,happy,decideu:u緊,長烏,←,圓唇外突oo,o,ue,ui,ewflew,cool,fruit,true,do后元音uυ輕,短烏,←,稍圓且松oo,ou,o,u,look,could,put,wolf?:?緊,長喔,←,唇小圓突au,ou,al,aw,,author,call,law,bought??輕,短喔,←,唇小圓突o,a,hot,wash?:?重讀“兒”音,一開始就卷舌ir,ur,ear,or,bi
3、rd,turn,learn,work中元音??輕讀卷舌音,前舌由平向卷er,or,ar,ur,pleasure,teacher,actor,dollar?輕讀或弱讀,“餓”音u,ou,o,a,ialbum,ago,delicious,today,directɑ:ɑrɑ的二聲的兒話音ar,farm,car后元音ɑ緊,啊音,a,calm??輕↘短啊四聲唇微開向兩邊u,o,ou,oo,luck,love,trouble,flood中元音eie口由半開到合嘴角咧到耳朵a,ay,ea,ey,ai,eigh,say,cake,great,rain
4、合口雙元音eε小開口45度音e,a,ea,set,head,many前元音??緊,↘,嘴張大,嘴角向兩a,fat雙元音ɑiɑ?飽滿“阿姨”音口由開到合i,y,igh,iehigh,line,fly,die合口雙元音?uo口形由半開到小,發(fā)“嘔”音o,ow,oa,oeno,know,boat,toeɑuɑυ口形由大到小發(fā)“嗷”音ou,ow,house,cow?i??唇由圓到扁,←,oy,oi,boy,oil,noiseυ?υr唇由圓到半開,短烏卷舌音ure,oor,our,sure,poor,tour集中雙元音i??r唇始終半開,短衣卷
5、舌音eer,ere,ear,ier,deer,here,year,fiercee??r↘唇始終半開舌由平到卷ear,air,are,erebear,fare,there,fair?r短喔的兒化音,←our,or,ore,four,lord,more,store,特例補充(KK音標)juu,ew,student,new,k和n在詞首的組合時,k不發(fā)音??ong,song,longtwtw,twin,twenty?sx,box,foxdwdw,dwell,dwarfkwqu,question,quick2012.5.1wuzhangwei
6、pp氣流沖破緊閉的雙唇且無聲p,pen,bag(n,s,t之前不發(fā)音)氣破雙唇音(爆破音)bb氣流沖破緊閉的雙唇聲帶震動b,bite.(在t或m前不發(fā)音)tt舌尖抵上齒齦彈開舌頭且無聲t,tw,tear,fit,two舌尖齒齦氣音(爆破音)dd同上,但聲帶必須震動d,dark,affordkk舌后部抵住軟腭突然離開無聲k,c,ch,ck,lkcockking,cake,school,box,氣破舌根軟鄂音(爆破音)gg同上,但聲帶必須震動g,gh(詞首發(fā)本音此中不發(fā)音)girl,ghostff上齒觸下唇,氣流從此出無聲f,ff,gh,
7、ph,lfface,off,laugh,phone,shelf唇齒相依摩擦音(摩擦音)vv同上,但聲帶必須震動vview,cavess唇微微張開舌近上齒才出氣s,c,ce,sssick,ceilling,cell,kiss氣通舌尖齒齦音(摩擦音)zz同上,但聲帶必須震動z,se,zezoo,shoes,choose,sizeθθ上下齒輕輕咬舌尖且吐氣無聲th,thank,mouth唯一咬舌音(摩擦音)ee同上,但聲帶必須震動th,this,the,there∫∫唇收圓稍突舌稍卷近舌無聲sh,ti,ci,s,si,ssi,sciship
8、,motion,social,sure舌端齒齦氣擦音(摩擦音)??同上,但聲帶必須震動S,si,gpleasure,usual,vision,rougehh嘴自然張開,呵氣,無聲h,wh,hi,who(h在r或k之后不發(fā)