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1、GideonToury:towardatarget-texttheoryoftranslationTwoPeriodsofhiswork1972-1976,baseonpolysystemtheoryframework,reportedinTranslationNormsandLiteraryTranslationintoHebrew,acomprehensivesociologicalstudyoftheculturalconditionsaffectingthetranslationofforeignlanguagenovelsintoHebrewduringt
2、heperiod1930-45;1975-1980,stillbasedonpolysystemframework,buthecameupahypothesiswhichdistinguishedhimfromhispredecessors,collectedinpapersInSearchofaTheoryofTranslation,anattempttodevelopamorecomprehensivetheoryoftranslationbaseonfindingsofhisownfieldwork;Toury:abriefsummaryofhislifeGi
3、deonTouryisProfessorofPoetics,ComparativeLiteratureandTranslationStudiesatTelAvivUniversity,whereheholdstheM.BernsteinChairofTranslationTheory.HeisthefounderandGeneralEditorofTarget:InternationalJournalofTranslationStudiesandforyearsGeneralEditoroftheimportantBenjaminsTranslationLibrar
4、y.Hehaspublishedthreebooks,anumberofeditedvolumesandnumerousarticles,inbothEnglishandHebrew,inthefieldsoftranslationtheoryandcomparativeliterature.Hisarticleshavealsoappearedintranslationinmanyotherlanguages,andheishimselfanactivetranslatortoo(withabout30booksandmanyarticlestohiscredit
5、).Heisamemberoftheeditorialoradvisoryboardsofanumberofinternationaljournals.In2000,hewasawardedanhonorarydoctoratebyMiddlesexUniversity,London.FieldworkofGideonTouryGoal:todiscovertheactualdecisionsmadeduringthetranslationprocess,andeventuallyasystemofrulesgoverningthetranslation;Findi
6、ngs:linguisticsandaestheticsplayedaverysmallroleinthetranslationprocess;mosttextswereselectedforideologicalreasons;accidentsalso.Despitethelackofconformitywithhypotheticalmodelsoftranslationequivalence,mistranslationsarerare;completeequivalenceisevenrarer.Near-adequacyisoftenaccidental
7、.Reasonsforlackofconcernfor“faithfulness”:thetranslators’maingoalofachievingacceptabletranslationsinthetargetculture;culturalconditionofthereceivingsystempredominates.CriticismofthecurrenttheorycontextSkepticismofabstracttheoriesinvolvingidealauthors,translators,andreaders.Aesthetict
