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1、上海中考英語(yǔ)句型轉(zhuǎn)換講解與練習(xí)【考點(diǎn)講解】一、肯定句改為否定句 在做此類(lèi)題時(shí),通常在系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not(n't)。如果句中沒(méi)有這些詞,則根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的原形、第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)動(dòng)詞形式或過(guò)去式而分別在其前面加donot(don't),doesnot(doesn't)或didnot(didn't),并將第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)動(dòng)詞形式或過(guò)去式改為原形。如:Wecanfinishtheworkthisafternoon.→Wecan'tfinishtheworkthisafternoon.Theyputthebasketunderthetreejustnow.→They
2、didn'tputthebasketunderthetreejustnow.注意:1.當(dāng)think,believe,suppose等動(dòng)詞后面跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),通常用否定主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)達(dá)到否定從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的目的。如:Ithinktheycancometonight.→Idon'tthinktheycancometonight.2.當(dāng)must表示推測(cè),表示“一定;肯定”的含義時(shí),否定句應(yīng)用can't。如:Hemustbeintheroom.→Hecan'tbeintheroom.二、陳述句改為疑問(wèn)句 陳述句改為疑問(wèn)句一般有三種情況:一是改為一般疑問(wèn)句,二是改為反意疑問(wèn)句
3、。如:1.Thestudentshadlearnedabout1,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)→Hadthestudentslearnedabout1,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm?2.ThetwinshaveneverbeentotheSummerPalace,havethey?(完成反意疑問(wèn)句)三、對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)。 對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn),就是用一個(gè)合適的疑問(wèn)詞去替代句中的某一成分,使之成為一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句。當(dāng)對(duì)主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí),用陳述句語(yǔ)序。對(duì)定語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí),所修飾的名
4、詞應(yīng)放在疑問(wèn)詞后。對(duì)其他成分提問(wèn),用“疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序”。如:1.Tomwillbebackintendays.(對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))→Whowillbebackintendays?2.Hewritestohisfatheronceamonth.(對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))→Howoftendoeshewritetohisfather?四、同義句改寫(xiě)1.根據(jù)句意改寫(xiě)主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)句意的理解和用一個(gè)詞或一種結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)概括上句的意思的綜合能力。如:1.LiHuaandZhangMingarethesameage.LiHuais___________________________
5、ZhangMing.【答案】asold/youngas。第一句的意思是“李華和張明同歲”,第二句是說(shuō)“李華和張明年紀(jì)一樣大”。2.HowmanypeopleliveinFrance?__________________thepopulationofFrance?【答案】Whatis。第一句的意思是“法國(guó)有多少人?”第二句的意思是“法國(guó)的人口有多少?”3.Therunnerfellbehindtheothersthoughhedidwhathecould.Therunner_________tokeepupwiththeothersthoughhe_________
6、his_________.【答案】failed;tried;best。第一句意思是:雖然這名賽跑選手盡了全力,但還是落在了別人的后面。第二句的意思是:雖然這名賽跑選手盡了全力,但還是跟不上別人。4.Beforetalking,hetoldmehisnameandItoldhimmyname.We____________________________________beforetalking.【答案】toldeachother’snames。第一句意思是:談話(huà)前,他告訴了我他的名字,我也告訴他我的名字。第二句的意思是:談話(huà)前,我們相互告知了對(duì)方的名字。5.Sheh
7、asbeenawayfromShanghaiforoveroneyear.Morethanoneyearhas_________sinceshe_________Shanghai.【答案】passed;left。第一句的意思是:她離開(kāi)上海已經(jīng)一年多了。第二句的意思是:自從她離開(kāi)上海,一年多已經(jīng)過(guò)去了。6.Walkalongthestreet,thentakethethirdcrossingontheright.Walkdownthestreet,then__________________atthethirdcrossing.【答案】turnright。兩句都是告
8、知他人去某