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1、UnitOneTEXTIHittheNailontheHead (恰到好處；一語(yǔ)中的）I.Pre-readingQuestions1.SuggestedAnswer(SA):Itmeansexactlyrightinwordsoraction.2.SA:TheauthoradvisesthattheEnglishstudentsshouldtrytogetthewords,phrasesandsentencescompletelyrightfortheirpurposesintheirwriting.III.LibraryWork1.1)GustaveFlau
2、bert(1821–1880),Frenchnovelist,wasassociatedwith,thoughnotrepresentativeof,themovementofnaturalismandknownasoneofthegreatestrealistsof19th-centuryFrance.Hedevotedhislifetolonghoursspentinheavytoiloverhiswork.Hiswritingismarkedbyexactnessandaccuracyofobservation,extremeimpersonalitya
3、ndobjectivityoftreatment,andprecisionandexpressivenessinstyle,ortheprincipleofthemotjuste.1.2)Mrs.MalapropisafamouscharacterinSheridan’scomedyTheRivals(1775).Sheisnotedforherblundersintheuseofwords.“Asheadstrong（不受管束的）asanallegory（比方；寓言）(alligator)onthebanksoftheNile”isoneofhergrote
4、sque（荒唐的）misapplications.Shealsorequeststhatnodelusions（欺騙;迷惑）(allusions)tothepastbemade.Shehasgivenusthewordmalapropism（用詞錯(cuò)誤，尤指誤用發(fā)音相似而意義全非的詞）asanameforsuchmistakes.2.Hindi（印地語(yǔ)）isaliteraryandofficiallanguageofnorthernIndia.Swahili（斯瓦希里語(yǔ)）isaBantu（班圖)languagethatisatradeandgovernmenta
5、llanguageovermuchofEastAfricaandintheCongoregion.BantusarepeoplebelongingtoagroupoftribesfoundinequatorialandsouthernAfrica.IV.OrganizationoftheText1.Ananalogybetweentheunskilleduseofthehammerandtheimproperchoiceofwords(Paragraph1)2.Thesignificanceoffindingtherightwords(Paragraphs2-
6、--3)3.Semanticdifferencesbetweenwordshavingthesameroot(Paragraphs4---7)(1).Example1(humanvs.humane)(Paragraph4)(2).Example2(anxietyvs.eagerness)(Paragraph5)(3).Example3(singularityvs.singleness)(Paragraphs6–7)4.Wrongchoiceofwordscausedbyfailuretorecognizetheirconnotations(Paragraph8
7、)Examples:imprison,contain,sumup,epitomizeanddistill5.Stylisticdifferencesbetweensynonyms(Paragraph9)Examples:inmychildhoodvs.whenIwasachild;lovetowatchvs.lovewatching;dievs.expire;poorvs.inindigentcircum-stances6.TheabundanceofspecificwordsinEnglishforgeneralnotions(Paragraph10)7.C
8、onclusion(Paragraph
