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1、3.4方差生活數(shù)學(xué)A廠:40.0,39.9,40.0,40.1,40.2,39.8,40.0,39.9,40.0,40.1;你能從哪些角度認(rèn)識這些數(shù)據(jù)?乒乓球的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)直徑為40mm.質(zhì)檢部門對A、B兩廠生產(chǎn)的乒乓球的直徑進(jìn)行檢測,從A、B兩廠生產(chǎn)的乒乓球中各抽取了10只,測量結(jié)果如下(單位:mm):B廠:40.0,40.2,39.8,40.1,39.9,40.1,39.9,40.2,39.8,40.0.問題A廠:40.0,39.9,40.0,40.1,40.2,39.8,40.0,39.9,40.0,40.1;B廠
2、:40.0,40.2,39.8,40.1,39.9,40.1,39.9,40.2,39.8,40.0.極差=最大值-最小值.怎樣更精確地比較這兩組數(shù)據(jù)的離散程度呢?極差在一定程度上描述了一組數(shù)據(jù)的離散(波動)程度.40.340.239.740.140.039.939.840.340.239.740.140.039.939.8A廠B廠直徑/mm直徑/mm怎樣用數(shù)量來描述這兩組數(shù)據(jù)的離散程度呢?A廠:40.0,39.9,40.0,40.1,40.2,39.8,40.0,39.9,40.0,40.1;B廠:40.0,4
3、0.2,39.8,40.1,39.9,40.1,39.9,40.2,39.8,40.0.x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10數(shù)據(jù)40.039.940.040.140.239.840.039.940.040.1與平均數(shù)的差x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10數(shù)據(jù)40.040.239.840.139.940.139.940.239.840.0與平均數(shù)的差A(yù)廠0-0.100.10.2-0.20-0.100.100.2-0.20.1-0.10.1-0.10.2-0.20B廠來表示這組數(shù)據(jù)的離散程度,并把它們叫
4、做這組數(shù)據(jù)的方差.在一組數(shù)據(jù)x1,x2,…,xn中,各數(shù)據(jù)與它們的平均數(shù)的差的平方分別是我們用它們的平均數(shù),即歸納歸納在有些情況下,需要用方差的算術(shù)平方根,即來描述一組數(shù)據(jù)的離散程度,并把它叫做這組數(shù)據(jù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差.A廠:40.0,39.9,40.0,40.1,40.2,39.8,40.0,39.9,40.0,40.1;B廠:40.0,40.2,39.8,40.1,39.9,40.1,39.9,40.2,39.8,40.0.由,可知A廠生產(chǎn)的乒乓球直徑的離散程度較小,說明A廠生產(chǎn)的乒乓球質(zhì)量比較穩(wěn)定.例題在一次芭蕾舞
5、比賽中,甲、乙兩個芭蕾舞團(tuán)都表演了舞劇《天鵝湖》,參加表演的女演員身高(單位:cm)如下表所示:甲163164164165165166166167乙163165165166166167168168哪個芭蕾舞團(tuán)女演員的身高更整齊?練習(xí)1.某地某日最高氣溫為12℃,最低氣溫為-7℃,該日氣溫的極差是.2.一組數(shù)據(jù)1,2,3,4,5的平均數(shù)是3,則方差是.一組數(shù)據(jù)3,6,9,12,15的方差是.一組數(shù)據(jù)4,7,10,13,16的方差是,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差是.19℃21818練習(xí)3.在某旅游景區(qū)上山的一條小路上,有一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的臺階
6、.下圖是其中的甲、乙段臺階路的示意圖(圖中的數(shù)字表示每一級臺階的高度).請你回答下列問題(單位:cm):乙路段1614141615甲路段15111518171019(1)哪段臺階路走起來更舒服?為什么?(2)為方便游客行走,需要重新整修上山的小路.對于這兩段臺階路,在臺階數(shù)不變的情況下,請你提出合理的整修建議.小結(jié)談?wù)勀愕氖斋@.課本P116-117頁習(xí)題第1、2、3題.課后作業(yè)