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1、APracticalGuidetoClinicalVirology.EditedbyL.R.Haaheim,J.R.PattisonandR.J.WhitleyCopyright?2002JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd.ISBNs:0-470-84429-9(HB);0-471-95097-1(PB)MIGHTASWELLTAKESOMETHINGENJOYABLE9.RHINOVIRUSESANDCORONAVIRUSESLat.rhinus?nose;Ger.Erka¨ltung;Fr.rhu?me?commoncold.I.?
2、rstavikRhinovirusesarethemostfrequentcauseofcommoncolds.Allagegroupsareaffected.Infectionsareendemicwithhigherfrequenciesduringautumnandspringintemperateclimates.TRANSMISSION/INCUBATIONPERIOD/CLINICALFEATURESThecommoncoldisspreadbyclosecontactandbyinhalationofvirus-contai
3、ningdroplets.Theincubationperiodis2–4days,andapersonisprobablyinfectiousfrom1daypostinfectionandaslongasthereareclinicalsymptoms.SYMPTOMSANDSIGNSSystemic:NoneorLow-GradeFever,HeadacheLocal:Coryza,Sneezing,SoreThroat,Cough,HoarsenessInuncomplicatedcasestheillnessusuallylas
4、tsfor1week,withmaximalsymptomsondays2and3.COMPLICATIONSSecondarybacterialinfectionsmayoccur(sinusitis,otitismedia).Rhinovirusinfectionsmayprecipitateacuteasthmainpredisposedchildren,andmayaggravatechronicbronchitisinadults.THERAPYANDPROPHYLAXISNospeci?ctherapyorprophylaxi
5、sisavailable.61LABORATORYDIAGNOSISDuringacuteillnesstheviruscanbeisolatedfromthenose,thethroatandsputum.Specialcellculturetechniquesareneededforvirusisolationandtheseareperformedinveryfewviruslaboratories.Serologicaldiagnosisisnotroutinelyusedeither,becauseofthemanyseroty
6、pes.Figure9.1RHINOVIRUS(THECOMMONCOLD)62CLINICALFEATURESSYMPTOMSANDSIGNSAfteranincubationperiodof2–4days,theillnessstartswithsymptomsofnasalcongestion/blockageandirritation,sneezingandasorethroat.Excessnasalsecretionfollowswhichisserousat?rstandlaterbecomespurulentifsecon
7、darybacterialinfectionensues.Coughisafrequentsymptom,asisheadacheduringthe?rstdaysofillness.Feveroccursseldom,andifso,itismoderate.Rhinovirusinfectioncausesthesamesymptomsinallagegroups.Theinfectionislimitedtotherespiratorytract.Ithasbeensuggestedthatrhinovirusesmaycausea
8、moreseriousinfectionofthelowerrespiratorytractinsmallchildren.Rhinovirusinfectionhasalsobeenshow
