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1、PrinciplesandPracticeofClinicalVirology.EditedbyArieJ.Zuckerman,JanguE.BanatvalaandJohnR.PattisonCopyright?2000JohnWiley&SonsLtdISBNs:0-471-97340-8(Hardback);0-470-84247-4(Electronic)10CoronavirusesandTorovirusesDavidCavanaghInstituteforAnimalHealth,Newbury,UKINTRODUCTIONchildrenandadultswith
2、diarrhoea(Beardsetal.,1984).Thehumanvirusesformedimmunocom-Humancoronaviruses(HCVs)areusuallythoughtplexeswithanti-BEVandBoTVsera.Muchlessisofinthecontextofthecommoncoldand,indeed,knownabouthumantorovirusesthancorona-thesevirusesareresponsibleforuptoone-thirdofviruses.colds.Thereisalsoevidenc
3、eforcoronavirusesbe-ingassociatedwithentericdiseaseinhumans.HCVscangrowinsomeneuralcellsinvitroandTHEVIRUSEShavebeenassociatedwithcasesofmultiplescler-osis,althoughtheroleofthecoronavirusinsuchThecoronaviruses,inthesinglegenusCoronavirus,casesisnotclear.Thealimentarytractiscertainlyawereforma
4、nyyearstheonlymembersofthefamilysiteofreplicationoftoroviruses,includingthoseofCoronaviridae.RecentlythegenusToroviruswashumans;thesevirusessuper?ciallyresembleco-includedinthisfamily.Moreover,certaincharac-ronaviruses,withwhichtheymaybeconfused.teristicsrelatingtogenomeorganization,transcrip
5、-Coronaviruseswere?rstisolatedinhumansintionandtranslationresultedinthecreationofthethemid-1960s(TyrrellandBynoe,1965;HamreandorderNidoviralescomprisingthefamiliesCo-Procknow,1966).TheoriginalcoronavirusstrainsronaviridaeandArteriviridae(Cavanagh,1997;dewerepassagedinorganculturesofhumanembry
6、-Vriesetal.,1997).Noarteriviruses,whicharemor-onictracheaornasalepitheliumandinprimaryphologicallydistinctfromcoronavirusesandhumankidneycellcultures.Subsequentlyseveraltoroviruses,haveyetbeendiscoveredinhumans.otherHCVshavebeenisolatedinorganortissueBothcoronavirusesandtorovirusescomprisecul
7、tures.ThemajorityofHCVsstudiedtodateareRNA-containingvirusesofsimilarsizeandgrossserologicallyrelatedtooneoftworeferencestrains,appearance.Thecoronavirusesarelargelyasso-229EandOC43.Molecularanalysishasshownthatciatedwithrespiratoryandenteric
