資源描述:
《測量-距離測量與直線定線.ppt》由會(huì)員上傳分享,免費(fèi)在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。
1、4.1距離丈量距離:兩點(diǎn)間的水平長度一、鋼尺量距的一般方法1、鋼尺、皮尺、標(biāo)桿、測釬、垂球2、直線定線:在直線方向上標(biāo)定若干分段點(diǎn)的工作。(目估定線、經(jīng)緯儀定線)制圖基本規(guī)定4距離測量與直線定線Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.3、量距方法水平地面:邊定向邊丈量D=nl+q傾斜地面:一端抬高、水平量距制圖基本規(guī)定Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor
2、.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.傾斜地面:測豎角a、量斜邊L、D=Lcosa測高差h、量斜邊L、制圖基本規(guī)定相對(duì)誤差:例Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.二、鋼尺量距精密方法(k=1/5000-1/10000)1、經(jīng)緯儀定線:平整場地、打木樁、概量、做標(biāo)記制圖基本規(guī)定Evaluationonly.Created
3、withAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.2、量距:10kg(15kg),0.5o,0.5mm,一端三讀法,互差≤±3mm3、測樁頂間高差往返各測一次Δh≤±10mm4、計(jì)算:尺長改正數(shù)(:實(shí)長,:名義長)溫度改正數(shù)傾斜改正數(shù)制圖基本規(guī)定Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.例:某30
4、米鋼尺,檢定長度為米,在30℃時(shí)丈量高差為2.0米的斜邊長125.000米,計(jì)算兩點(diǎn)平距。制圖基本規(guī)定解:Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.四、量距誤差1、定線誤差:分段點(diǎn)偏離直線方向(同傾斜地面量距離)制圖基本規(guī)定誤差當(dāng)當(dāng)2、尺長誤差:3、溫度誤差:30米鋼尺溫差1℃,改變長度為0.4毫米,溫差8℃,改變長度為3毫米。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slide
5、sfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.4、傾斜誤差:ΔLh=-h2/2L=-0.442/(2*30)=-3mm(K=1/10000)相對(duì)誤差K=ΔLh/L=h2/2L2=h2/2D2設(shè)坡度i=h/D,則K=i2/2若K=1/3000、則i=2.6/100,當(dāng)l=30米、h=0.78米若K=1/10000、則i=1.4/100,當(dāng)l=30米、h=0.44米5、拉力誤差:當(dāng)6、檢定誤差:±(0.2-0.5)mm7、丈量誤差:對(duì)點(diǎn)、投點(diǎn)、扭曲、垂直。制圖基本規(guī)定Evaluatio
6、nonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.4.2視距測量利用望遠(yuǎn)鏡上的視距絲在視距尺上的讀數(shù),計(jì)算兩點(diǎn)間的平距和高差一、視距測量原理1、視線水平D=Klh=i-v2、視線傾斜D=Klcos2ah=Dtga+i-v=1/2Klsin2a+i-v制圖基本規(guī)定Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2
7、011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.二、觀測與計(jì)算觀測:上絲M、下絲N、中絲V、豎盤讀數(shù)L、儀高i例:i=1.45m,V=1.286m,M=1.573m,N=1.00
8、0m,L=87o54'解:l=M-N=