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1、化工進(jìn)展2016年第35卷增刊2CHEMICALINDUSTRYANDENGINEERINGPROGRESS·127·????????????綜述與專論????????????重油中金屬雜質(zhì)脫除技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展李振芳,王宗賢(中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)化學(xué)工程學(xué)院重質(zhì)油加工國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,山東青島266580)摘要:重油的開采與加工日益成為石油化工行業(yè)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn),然而其深加工利用受到內(nèi)部高含量金屬的影響。為此,本文介紹了重油中金屬的來源、存在形態(tài)及其對(duì)石油加工利用的危害。綜合對(duì)比分析了國(guó)內(nèi)外重油脫金屬常用的幾種方法。膜分離法雖然工藝簡(jiǎn)單、經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)保,但該技術(shù)不成熟,難以滿足工業(yè)應(yīng)用;催化加氫法金屬脫
2、除率高,但易受氫源及催化劑性能限制,且工業(yè)成本較高;化學(xué)法易于操作但副反應(yīng)多且易污染環(huán)境;超聲波脫金屬法節(jié)能降耗明顯,脫金屬率高,但大型的超聲裝置如何應(yīng)用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn),尚需進(jìn)行深入研究;微生物法投資少,適應(yīng)性強(qiáng),但難以篩選合適的菌種。總之,由于重油自身的特性,單一的脫金屬技術(shù)難以獲得佳績(jī),聯(lián)合脫金屬將成為一種發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。關(guān)鍵詞:重油;脫金屬;膜分離;催化加氫;超聲波;微生物法中圖分類號(hào):TE624文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A文章編號(hào):1000-6613(2016)s2-0127-05DOI:10.16085/.jissn.1000-6613.2016.s2.021Progressofresearchond
3、emetalizationinheavyoilLIZhenfang,WANGZongxian(StateKeyLaboratoryofHeavyOilProcessing,CollegeofChemicalEngineering,ChinaUniversityofPetroleum(EastChina),Qingdao266580,Shandong,China)Abstract:Theexploitationandupgradingofheavyoilhasincreasinglygainedgreatattention.However,itsutilizationislimitedse
4、riouslytoitshighmetalconten.tThen,thesourceandformsofmetalinheavyoilanditshazardsfortheprocessingofpetroleumaresummarizedinthispaper.Methodscommonlyfordemetalizationindomesticandoverseasareintroducedandcomparedindetai.lMembraneseparationmethodisfriendlytoenvironmentandisoperatedsimply,butitisdiff
5、iculttomeetindustrialapplicationduetoitsimmaturetechnology.Catalytichydrogenationprocessshowshighdemetalizationefficiency.However,itisrestrictedbyhydrogensourceandpropertiesofcatalyst,anditscostistoohigh.Chemicalmethodcanbeoperatedsimply,whereas,itiseasytoproducebyproductandpollutetheenvironmen.t
6、Demetalizationunderultrasonicradiationprocesscostslessenergyandhashighdemetalizationefficiency,butitisnecessarytomakefurtherresearchonhowtoapplythelargeultrasonicdeviceinindustrialproduction.Microbialmethodhasthecharacteristicoflessinvestmentandstrongadaptability,itisdifficulttofiltersuitablestra
7、ins.Becauseofthecharacterofheavyoil,asingledemetalizationtechnologyisnoteasytogetsuccessanddemetalizationtechnologyinjointwillbecomeadevelopmenttrend.Keywords:heavyoil;demetalization;membranetechnology;catalytichydroge
