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1、第34卷第3期生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào)Vo1.34.No.32014年2月ACTAECOLOGICASINICAFeb.,2014DOI:10.5846/stxb201211051543劉小勇,李紅旭,李建明,王瑋,趙明新,孫定虎.不同覆蓋方式對(duì)旱地果園水熱特征的影響.生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào),2014,34(3):746—754.LiuXY,LiHX,LiJM,WangW,ZhaoMX,SunDH.Tht,‘-¨I·ctsofdiferentmulchingwayonsoilwaterthermalcharacteristicsinpearorchardinthearidarea.Acta
2、EcologicaSinica,2014,34(3):746-754.不同覆蓋方式對(duì)旱地果園水熱特征的影響劉J、勇,李紅旭’,李建明,王瑋,趙明新,孫定虎(1.甘肅省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院林果花卉研究所,蘭州730070;2.靜寧縣果業(yè)局,靜寧743400;3.靜寧縣康源果農(nóng)協(xié)會(huì),靜寧743400)摘要:采用壟膜覆蓋(T1)、覆草(T2)和免耕無(wú)覆蓋(T3)等方法,測(cè)定分析隴東旱地果園水熱狀況,結(jié)果表明,0—6oam土壤溫度全年T1最高,萌芽開(kāi)花期至果實(shí)膨大期,I、2溫度最低,新梢停止生長(zhǎng)期至落葉期T3溫度最低。T1地表和20cm土壤最高溫度出現(xiàn)在6月上旬,40cm和60
3、am出現(xiàn)在8月上旬,表現(xiàn)為淺層(0—40am)最高溫度出現(xiàn)提前,而,I、2和T3不同土層最高溫度均在8月上旬。0—25am不同處理土壤溫度表現(xiàn)為晴天最高,雨天最低。除7月至8月土壤溫差以T1最大外,其余時(shí)期均以T3最大,全年,r2溫差最小。梨樹(shù)生長(zhǎng)前期(4—6月),T3土壤含水量最小,7月以后,T3最高。梨年生長(zhǎng)周期中,T1土壤含水量變化最小,T3最大。不同土層Tl土壤容重最小,孔隙度最大,T3土壤容重最大,孔隙度最??;0—120am土層T1和T3土壤容重均表現(xiàn)為先升后降,1、2為先降后穩(wěn)定變化的特點(diǎn)。不同處理土壤營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素含量隨時(shí)間變化而降低,T3降幅最大。地
4、面覆蓋減緩了土壤養(yǎng)分的流失,同時(shí)增加了土壤鐵、鋅、硼等元素含量。關(guān)鍵詞:壟膜覆蓋;土壤溫濕度;土壤養(yǎng)分;旱地;梨園TheefectsofdiferentmulchingwayonsoilwaterthermalcharacteristicsinpearorchardinthearidareaLIUXiaoyong。,LIHongxun一,LIJianming,WANGWei,ZHAOMingxin,SUNDinghu1InstituteofFruitandFloricultureofGansuAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Lanz
5、hou730070,China2JingningcountyFruitIndust~Bureau,Jingning743400,China3Jingningcoan~KangYuanGrowe~Association.Jingning743400.CinaAbstract:Byadoptingtheridgefilmmulching(T1),wheatgrassmulching(T2)andzerotillagewithoutcover(T3)method.Todetermineandanalyzethesoiltemperatureandmoisturein
6、ayearchangesindrylandpearorchardineasternGansu.TheresultsshowthatthesoiltemperatureofT1ishighestin0—60cmsoilhorizoninayear.Duringbudsproutingandfloweringtothegrowthstageofthefruit,thesoiltemperatureofT2islowest,andT3islowestwhichnewshootsstopgrowingperiodtoleaffallperiod.T1treatment
7、whichThehighesttemperatureofthesurfaceand20cmsoilappearsinearlyJune,but40cmand60cmappearedinearlyAugust.Itwasconcludedthatthehighesttemperatureoftheshallowlayer(0—40am)ofT1appearsinadvance,whilethehighesttemperatureofdifferentsoillayerofT2andT3areinearlyAugust.In0—25cmsoilhorizon.di
8、fferenttreatmentsoi